Photo Gallery of Vegetable Problems – Cabbage

General Cabbage Disease and Pest Management
Diseases
Alternaria black spot Black Leg	Botrytis stem blight Clubroot	Downy Mildew Ring Spot
Insect/Mite Pests
Diamondback moth	Imported cabbage worm	Western flower thrips

(Click on photo to enlarge)

General Cabbage Disease and Pest Management

Cabbage Diseases: Ecology and Control, by Anthony P. Keinath, Marc A. Cubeta, and David B. Langston, Jr.

Cabbage/Kale, Brassicas. infonet-biovision. Photos of various disease and pest problems on brassica crops.

Crop Profile for Cabbage Seed in Washington, by Lindsey J. du Toit, Washington State University Mount Vernon NWREC.

Crucifer Disease Guide – A Practical Guide for Seedsmen, Growers and Agricultural Advisors. Published by Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Inc.’s Plant Health Department and Seed Health Departments.

Diseases

Disease: Alternaria black spot
Pathogens: Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola

Leaf spot symptoms caused by Alternaria brassicicola (left) vs. A. brassicae (right). Spores of Alternaria brassicae. Chains of spores of Alternaria brassicicola growing from an infected cabbage seed. Cabbage seed plated onto a semi-selective agar medium to detect Alternaria brassicicola.
Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit	Photo Source: Dick Gabrielson	Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit

Alternaria black spot on pods in a cabbage seed crop. Severe Alternaria black spot on pods in a cabbage seed crop. Alternaria black spot symptoms on a cabbage leaf.
Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Cabbage and Cauliflower (Brassica) – Black Spot {Leaf, Stem, or Pod Spots}

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Seed Crop, Crucifers – Black Spot {Leaf, Stem or Pod Spots}

Alternaria Diseases of Crucifers. Plant Pathology Fact Sheet PP–34, Florida Cooperative Extension Service/Institute of Food and Agricultural Science/University of Florida.

UC Pest Management Guidelines: Cole Crops: Alternaria Leafspot. UC IPM Online, University of California.

Crucifer Diseases: Alternaria Leaf Spot. AVRDC International Cooperators’ Fact Sheet.

Disease Management: Alternaria Diseases of Brassicas. The Plant Diagnostic Clinic, UMassAmherst.

Disease: Black Leg
Pathogens: Phoma lingam (sexual stage = Leptosphaeria maculans)
Host crops: Most members of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) = cabbage family, including broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cauliflower, various Chinese brassica vegetables, collard, kale, mizuna, mustard, oilseed rape, oilseed turnip rape, rutabaga, turnip, etc.),Sinapis (white and yellow mustard), and Raphanus (daikon and radish). Several wild species exist that may be infected by P. lingam including Descurainia (tansymustard), Sisymbrium(hedge mustard), and Thlaspi (penny-cress). This is a quarantine disease in five counties in northwestern WA because of the risk of this pathogen to the brassica vegetable seed industry.

Black leg symptoms on a cabbage seedling grown from an infested seed lot. Note the small, black fruiting bodies (pycnidia) on the hypocotyl of the seedling. Black leg infection of the cotyledon of a cabbage seedling grown from an infested seed lot. Note the small, black fruiting bodies (pycnidia) on the cotyledon. Pycnidia of Phoma lingam on the base of the stem of a Brassica rapa plant, showing pink cirrhi oozing out of each pycnidium, containing thousands of conidia. The conidia are readily splash-dispersed.
Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University.

Black leg lesion at the base of the stem of an infected plant from a Brassica rapa seed crop. Note the small, black pycnidia embedded in the lesion.	Phoma leaf spot lesion with tiny, black pycnidia present in the necrotic, circular lesion, surrounded by a narrow, chlorotic (yellow) halo. Black pycnidia of the blackleg fungus, Phoma lingam,on an infected cauliflowerseed. Note the amethyst-colored cirrhi (gelatinousmatrix) oozing from thepycnidia, which indicatesthe strain of the pathogenis virulent(able to causePhoma leaf spot or blackleg of brassicas)
Photo Source: Cynthia Ocamb, Oregon State University.	Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University.

On-Line Resources:

Video: Blackleg Disease and Resistance Management. Published by the Canola Council of Canada.

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Cabbage and Cauliflower (Brassicasp.)-Black Leg and Phoma Root Rot

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Seed Crop, Crucifers-Blackleg

Black leg in Brassicaceae crops and wild crucifers: 2014 outbreak in the Willamette Valley of Oregon

Black Leg, Light Leaf Spot, and White Leaf Spot, Cynthia Ocamb, PhD., Plant Pathologist, OSU Extension, Associate Professor–Botany & Plant Pathology.

Fungicides for Control of Black Leg, David Priebe, Pesticides Program, Oregon Department of Agriculture.

Addressing Blackleg in the Willamette Valley: Oregon Department of Agriculture permanent ruling released on black leg of brassicaceae in January 2015 – see the Brassica Production Districts document, and the OSDA Permanent Ruling document titled ‘Crucifer blackleg disease requirements moved into one regulation; removes same requirements from rapeseed production districts,’ below.

Oregon Secretary of State Certificate and Order for Filing – PERMANENT ADMINISTRATIVE RULES: Crucifer blackleg disease requirements moved into one regulation; removes same requirements from rapeseed production districts.
Brassicaceae Production Districts and Rapeseed Control Areas (603-052-0860), Oregon Department of Agriculture.

Management of Black Leg in Oregon on Brassica seed crops, a Clinic Close-up, Oregon State University Extension Service.

Management of Black Leg in Oregon on Vegetable Brassica Crops and Seed Crops, a Clinic Close-up, Oregon State University Extension Service.

Disease: Botrytis stem blight
Pathogen: Botrytis cinerea

On-Line Resources:

Disease: Clubroot
Pathogen: Plasmodiophora brassicae
Host crops: Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, brassicaceae (cruciferous) weeds, and radish.

Stunting from clubroot.
Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Cabbage and Cauliflower (Brassica) – Clubroot

Clubroot of Crucifers. Vegetable MD Online.

Clubroot. Wikipedia.

Clubroot of vegetable brassicas – towards integrated control. New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Ltd.

Clubroot of Crucifers. The Ohio State University Extension.

Managing Clubroot: Equipment Sanitation Guide. Canola Council of Canada

Top 10 tips from the 2013 International Clubroot Workshop. Canola Watch, Canola Council of Canada.

See Diseases, pests, and other problems common to many vegetables: Clubroot of brassica vegetables.

Disease: Downy mildew
Pathogens: Hyaloperonospora parasitica = Peronospora parasitica
Host crops: Most members of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) = cabbage family, including cabbage and cauliflower.

Sporulation of downy mildew on a cabbage seed pod in a cabbage seed crop.
Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Cabbage and Cauliflower (Brassicasp.) – Downy Mildew {Staghead}

Downy Mildew of Crucifers. Plant Pathology Fact Sheet. Florida Cooperative Extension Service.

Brassica Downy Mildew. University of Massachusetts Amherst.

See Brassicaceae: Downy Mildew.

Disease: Ring spot
Pathogen: Mycosphaerella brassicicola


Photo Source: D.A. Inglis

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Cabbage and Cauliflower (Brassica) – Ring spot (Black Blight)

Insect/Mite Pests

Common name: Diamondback moth
Latin binomial: Plutella xylostella

Diamondback moth pupa with imported cabbageworm hole damage to leaves. Diamondback moth larva on cabbage.
Photo Source: Photographer – Johnny Stark. Submitted by Jenny Glass

On-Line Resources:

Caterpillar Pests of the Cabbage Family. Washington State University Fact Sheet FS018E.

Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook. Chapter: Vegetables, Section: Boccoli, Cabbage, other Crucifers.

Common name: Imported cabbage worm
Latin binomial: Pieris rapae

Imported cabbage worm by damaged cabbage leaf.

Photo Source: Photographer – Johnny Stark
Submitted by Jenny Glass

On-Line Resources:

Caterpillar Pests of the Cabbage Family. Washington State University Fact Sheet FS018E.

Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook. Chapter: Vegetables, Section: Boccoli, Cabbage, other Crucifers.

Common name: Western flower thrips
Latin binomial: Frankliniella occidentalis.
Host crops: Basil, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Cucumber, Onion, Potato, Pumpkin, Squash,Tomato and Watermelon.

Adult Western flower thrips are minute (less than 1/8 inch long) narrow-bodied insects that range from straw to dark yellowish-brown in color. Their four wings are very narrow and characterized by long fringed hairs.

Immature Western flower thrips resemble the adults but are smaller, wingless and translucent yellow in color. There are multiple generations per year and thrips may invade vegetable fields when alternate flowering plants dry up in the summer or when an adjacent host crop is harvested.

Photo Source: Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook. Chapter: Vegetables, Section: Broccoli, Cabbage, other Crucifers.

Vegetables: Broccoli, Cole crops: Thrips, Washington State University Hortsense.

Western Flower Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Frankiniella occidentalis,

See Diseases, pests, and other problems common to many vegetables: Western flower thrips.