{"id":3369,"date":"2021-11-15T23:04:48","date_gmt":"2021-11-16T07:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/?page_id=3369"},"modified":"2024-05-09T11:11:36","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T18:11:36","slug":"july-2003-newsletter","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/july-2003-newsletter\/","title":{"rendered":"July 2003 Newsletter"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--sidebar-right\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p>Lindsey du Toit and Debra Inglis, editors<br>WSU Mount Vernon NWREC<br>16650 State Rte 536, Mount Vernon, WA 98273-4768<br>360-848-6140 (tel), 360-848-6159 (fax)<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wsu-cta  wsu-cta--width-full\" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/team-newsletter-archives\/\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tNewsletter Archives\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WSU Vegetable Pathology Team Newsletter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In this Issue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#HELLO\">Hello<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#PEST\">Pest Alert<\/a>&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #336600\">(Early blight on potatoes)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#EVENTS\">Upcoming Vegetable Events and Announcements<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#DISEASES\">Information About Controlling Vegetable Diseases &amp; Pests<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"HELLO\">Hello!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">Welcome to the July 2003 edition of Washington State University&#8217;s Vegetable Pathology Extension Team newsletter, the third edition of the 2003 growing season. We hope you will enjoy it. Be sure to view the excellent photos of carrot diseases at the end of the article!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">If you have questions or comments about vegetable diseases and pests, or WSU&#8217;s Vegetable Pathology Team, contact Debbie Inglis (<a href=\"mailto:dainglis@wsu.edu\">dainglis@wsu.edu<\/a>) or Lindsey du Toit (<a href=\"mailto:dutoit@wsu.edu\">dutoit@wsu.edu<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"PEST\">Pest Alert!!!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">Growing conditions in western Washington have been unusually dry and hot. As a consequence potato and tomato growers have been irrigating their crops. Early blight, caused by&nbsp;<i>Alternaria solani,<\/i>&nbsp;is now being reported in some areas of western Washington. The weather is likely contributing to disease occurrences this year even though early blight is not often a serious problem in western Washington. Generally, early blight is found primarily under sprinkler irrigation; premature senescence resulting from drought or other stresses also favors disease development. Crop losses due to early blight can be significant if extensive foliar infections occur before or soon after flowering. Potato tubers and tomato fruits can also become infected. For information on cultural and chemical practices for controlling early blight, see the Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook (<a href=\"mailto:bulletin@coopext.cahe.wsu.edu\">bulletin@coopext.cahe.wsu.edu<\/a>) or contact&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><a href=\"mailto:dainglis@wsu.edu\">dainglis@wsu.edu<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--halves\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"150\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Alternaria5.jpg\" alt=\"potato leaflet\" class=\"wp-image-3373\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Early blight lesions on potato leaflet. Note the dark colored &#8220;target&#8221; spots with surrounding chlorotic zones. Photo courtesy of Babette Gundersen<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg129L.jpg\" alt=\"Early blight lesion on a potato tuber\" class=\"wp-image-2588\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg129L.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg129L-396x264.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Early blight lesion on tuber.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>G.Q. Pelter<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">\n\nEarly blight lesions on potato tuber. Note the circular sunken spots about 0.5 inch in diameter. The underlying tissue will be brown and corky. Photo courtesy of Gary Pelter.\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"EVENTS\">Upcoming Vegetable Events &amp; Announcements <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2003 WSU Carrot Cultivar Field Day<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">The 2003 WSU Carrot Cultivar Field Day will be held on Friday, August 8th at 9 am at Klaustermeyer Farms in a field located near Othello, WA. The event will feature a variety of carrot types including 17 slicers\/cellos, 23 cut &amp; peels, 12 dicers from commercial seed companies, and 40 &#8220;nutritionally-improved&#8221; carrots from USDA breeders. The field is located on Yeisley Road, east of Booker Road and south of Highway 26 and north of Highway 17. For a map, contact Eric Sorensen at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:esorensen@wsu.edu\">esorensen@wsu.edu<\/a>. The field day is sponsored by WSU Extension, Benton-Franklin Counties, and the Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Onion Field Day<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">The WSU Onion Field Day is on Thursday August 28th at Grigg &amp; Sons Farm near Quincy, WA. The contact person is Gary Pelter&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:peltegq@wsu.edu\">peltegq@wsu.edu<\/a>&nbsp;or (509) 754-2011 ext. 413.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potato Association of America<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">The 87th Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, &#8220;Back to Tradition&#8221;<em>,&nbsp;<\/em>will be held August 10-14 at the Red Lion Hotel at the Park in Spokane, WA. For more information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WSU-Mount Vernon Potato Field Day and Cucumber Twilight Tour<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">The WSU-Mount Vernon Potato Field Day and Cucumber Twilight Tour will be held Thursday, August 21 from 4 to 5:30 pm, and from 6:00 to 7:30 pm, respectively. For further information contact Debbie Inglis at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:dainglis@wsu.edu\">dainglis@wsu.edu<\/a>&nbsp;and Tim Miller at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:twmiller@wsu.edu\">twmiller@wsu.edu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DISEASES\">Information about Controlling Vegetable Diseases &amp; Pests <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/agr.wa.gov\/\">Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA)<\/a> has a new Web site address. WSDA has designed the site to be more compatible with Web browsers and user-friendly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">To view a listing of those who are doing plant disease diagnoses for commercial plantings view WSU&#8217;s online publication, &#8220;Analytical Laboratories and Consultants Serving Ag in the PNW&#8221;.<a href=\"https:\/\/cru.cahe.wsu.edu\/CEPublications\/eb1578e\/eb1578e.pdf%20\"><br><\/a><br><i><a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.edu\/Dept\/NWREC\/vegindex.html\">Commercial Vegetable Production Guides<\/a><\/i>&nbsp;are available. Although written for Oregon commercial vegetable growers, they contain a great deal of useful information. The guides were adapted by the Oregon State University Extension Service from Oregon and Pacific Northwest publications, publications of other public institutions, published and unpublished research, and the professional experience of OSU faculty and some colleagues in agribusiness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">A new title in organic pest management,&nbsp;<i>Plant Protection Challenges in Organic Production<\/i>&nbsp;edited by D.M. Suckling and M.R. Butcher can be ordered through the New Zealand Plant Protection Society. Contact&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:Lois.McKay@agresearch.co.nz\">Lois.McKay@agresearch.co.nz<\/a>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other websites to check:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Certified Crop Advisor website<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>USDA Crop Profiles: Interregional Research Project (IR-4) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assists Growers of Minor Crop<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carrot Seed Disease Management<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><i>Lindsey J. du Toit, WSU Vegetable Seed Pathology, Mount Vernon, WA; and Gary Q. Pelter, WSU Cooperative Extension, Ephrata, WA<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">Three of the most important seedborne pathogens of carrot in the Pacific Northwest are&nbsp;<i>Alternaria dauci<\/i>&nbsp;(the fungus causing Alternaria leaf blight),&nbsp;<i>Alternaria radicina&nbsp;<\/i>(the fungus causing black rot), and&nbsp;<i>Xanthomonas campestris<\/i>&nbsp;pv.&nbsp;<i>carotae<\/i>&nbsp;(the bacterium causing bacterial leaf\/umbel blight). Alternaria leaf blight is seldom observed in Washington and, correspondingly,&nbsp;<i>Alternaria dauci<\/i>&nbsp;is rarely detected on carrot seed produced in the PNW. However, black rot and bacterial blight are observed regularly, although sporadically, in carrot seed crops in the PNW; and the associated pathogens,&nbsp;<i>A. radicina&nbsp;<\/i>and&nbsp;<i>X. campestris<\/i>&nbsp;pv.&nbsp;<i>carotae<\/i>, have been detected on carrot seed lots produced in this region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What are the recommended practices for the carrot industry to manage these seedborne pathogens?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>The first step in effective regional management of seedborne pathogens is to make it a routine practice to have all stock seed lots tested for seedborne pathogens of concern in this region. Seed testing should be completed prior to planting stock seed. However, if circumstances prevent this (e.g., limited time from cleaning\/shipping of stock seed to planting), it is still valuable to have a sample of the stock seed assayed after planting to identify the potential risks of diseases developing as a result of seedborne inoculum. This information will also help determine appropriate in-season production and disease management practices needed. Only seed lots determined to be free of seedborne pathogens should be used as stock seed for organic seed crops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If seedborne pathogens are detected on stock seed lots, infected seed lots should be treated appropriately prior to planting to reduce, or even eradicate, seedborne inoculum. Hot water, chlorine, and fungicide seed treatments can be used. Fungicide seed treatments do not eradicate seedborne inoculum, but prevent or reduce <i>transmission<\/i>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<i>some<\/i>&nbsp;fungal pathogens from the seed to developing seedlings. Not all fungicide seed treatments are effective against all seedborne pathogens. For example, Rovral (iprodione) and Maxim (fludioxonil) help prevent transmission of seedborne&nbsp;<i>A. dauci<\/i>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i>A. radicina<\/i>, but do little to control seedborne&nbsp;<i>X. campestris<\/i>&nbsp;pv.&nbsp;<i>carotae<\/i>. Treatment of seed with chlorine alone will eradicate inoculum located on the seed coat, but will not eradicate inoculum located within the seed. However, hot water treatment can eradicate internal seedborne inoculum when carried out precisely to allow thorough penetration of the water (heated to a specific temperature) into bags of seed for the specific duration determined for the seedborne pathogens. For example,&nbsp;<i>X. campestris<\/i>&nbsp;pv.&nbsp;<i>carotae<\/i>&nbsp;can be eradicated by placing infected seed in water heated to 125oF (52oC) for 25 minutes.&nbsp;<i>Alternaria radicina<\/i>&nbsp;can eradicated from carrot seed using hot water treatment at 122oF (50oC) for 30 minutes, or hot sodium hypochlorite (0.1 to 1.0%) at 122oF for 30 minutes. Treated seed should be re-assayed to determine whether the pathogen was eradicated or the population decreased adequately as a result of the treatment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The initial disease management steps of assaying and treating stock seed lots for pathogens also apply to steckling crops. <i>Alternaria radicina<\/i>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i>X. campestris<\/i>&nbsp;pv.&nbsp;<i>carotae<\/i>&nbsp;have been detected on stecklings sampled directly out of shipping crates upon arrival in Washington, highlighting the&nbsp;potential for stecklings to serve as the initial source of inoculum. Stecklings should be grown in areas where bacterial blight and black rot are less prevalent, e.g., bacterial blight is widespread in the Central Valley of CA, but seldom a problem in the Imperial Valley of CA. If there is reason to suspect stecklings may be infected, the roots could be dipped in a chlorine solution.&nbsp;<i>Alternaria radicina<\/i>&nbsp;can continue to develop and spread from infected to healthy stecklings during cold storage, so it is important to inspect stecklings for evidence of black rot prior to cold storage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cultural management practices recommended for seedborne pathogens apply to direct-seeded crops and to steckling beds. An adequate crop rotation must be maintained. If a field has a record of <i>A. radicina<\/i>&nbsp;infestation, a rotation interval of six years may not be adequate since this pathogen has been shown to survive in soils for up to eight years. In comparison,&nbsp;<i>X. campestris<\/i>&nbsp;pv.&nbsp;<i>carotae<\/i>&nbsp;does not survive in the soil after carrot debris has decomposed. Therefore, a minimum rotation interval of three years, combined with incorporation of carrot residues into the soil immediately after harvest (to speed up microbial degradation of the debris), is recommended for management of bacterial blight.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In-field fungicide applications (e.g., Rovral, Kocide, etc.) may be beneficial if black rot is present on the crowns\/foliage. However, foliar fungicide applications will not eradicate infection established on roots beneath the soil-line. Development and spread of bacterial blight can be minimized with foliar copper applications (e.g., Kocide, C-O-C-S, or ManKocide), but the applications have limited efficacy once bacterial blight is well established in a seed crop.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The increase in use of overhead irrigation systems for carrot seed production has particular ramifications for bacterial blight. Wet foliage and splashing water are highly conducive to the spread and development of bacterial blight. If a stock seed lot is infested with <i>X. campestris<\/i>&nbsp;pv.&nbsp;<i>carotae<\/i>, grow the crop using furrow or drip irrigation instead of overhead irrigation, to minimize splash-dispersal of the pathogen. Similarly for stecklings infected with bacterial blight. If a crop is under overhead irrigation, complete each irrigation earlier in the day (where possible) to allow the foliage to dry more rapidly compared to irrigating at night or later in the day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Volunteer carrots and related Umbelliferous weeds can serve as reservoirs of carrot pathogens. Scout and rogue volunteers and related weeds regularly, both within and adjacent to carrot seed crops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><i>Xanthomonas campestris<\/i>&nbsp;pv.&nbsp;<i>carotae<\/i>&nbsp;has been detected in airborne dust and debris generated during threshing, and as far as a \u00bd-mile from seed crops being threshed. Where possible, direct-seeded crops should not be located immediately adjacent to mature crops of the previous season, to minimize the risk of inoculum spreading from the mature crop during threshing onto young seedlings of the new crop. This recommendation is most pertinent when planting direct-seeded crops &#8216;early&#8217; (e.g., in early August in Washington), and when planting direct-seeded crops under overhead irrigation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">Implementing appropriate production practices and management recommendations will minimize the risk of introducing damaging carrot pathogens in stock seed or stecklings, and will reduce the incidence of harvested seed lots infected with these pathogens. Scout fields carefully and regularly, and implement disease control measures immediately when a pathogen is detected in a crop. Know the crop history before determining the specific field in which to plant a carrot seed crop.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" id=\"figures\">\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"200\" height=\"111\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Carrot_Alternaria_leaf_blight.jpg\" alt=\"Alternaria dauci symtoms\" class=\"wp-image-3380\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 1<\/strong>. Alternaria leaf blight caused by Alternaria dauci.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"175\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Carrot-seedling-sample-A.-dauci-100x.jpg\" alt=\"Alternaria dauci\" class=\"wp-image-3378\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 2<\/strong>. Spores of Alternaria dauci (100x magnification).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"200\" height=\"126\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/crown-rot.jpg\" alt=\"Black rot symptoms on carrot\" class=\"wp-image-3382\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 3.<\/strong> Black rot (crown rot) caused by Alternaria radicin.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"242\" height=\"193\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Carrot_foliar_blight.jpg\" alt=\"Alternaria radicina symptoms on carrot\" class=\"wp-image-3381\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 4.<\/strong>&nbsp;Foliar blight and crown rot caused by&nbsp;<em>Alternaria radicina<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"150\" height=\"228\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/russet-symptoms-on-rt-A-radicina.jpg\" alt=\"carrot stecklings\" class=\"wp-image-3383\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 5.<\/strong> Superficial russeting of carrot stecklings caused by Alternaria radicina.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"200\" height=\"149\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/A-radicina-Seminis-stecklings.jpg\" alt=\"Alternaria radicina\" class=\"wp-image-3385\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 6.<\/strong> Bacterial leaf blight with ooze caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"200\" height=\"140\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-Xcc-2.jpg\" alt=\"Bacterial leaf blight\" class=\"wp-image-3379\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 5.<\/strong> Spores of Alternaria radicina (55x magnification).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"200\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/umbel-infection-4.jpg\" alt=\"symptoms of Umbel blight\" class=\"wp-image-3384\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig. 8.<\/strong>&nbsp;Umbel blight caused by&nbsp;<em>Xanthomonas campestris<\/em>&nbsp;pv.&nbsp;<em>carotae<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-callout  wsu-border--add-top\" >\r\n        \n<div class=\"wsu-note\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wsu-note__title\">\n\t\t\tPDF Accessibility\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">If you need the content provided on this site in an alternate format or for further information on the Vegetable Seed Pathology program, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">please contact:&nbsp;<strong>Lindsey du Toit at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:dutoit@wsu.edu\">dutoit@wsu.edu<\/a>&nbsp;or at 360-848-6140<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n        <div id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" hidden aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <a id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top-btn\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__btn\" href=\"#product-top\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__label\">Back to top<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n<section  class=\"wsu-section wsu-width--full\"  >\r\n    <div class=\"wsu-section__inner wsu-width--content\">    \n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero wsu-spacing-after--none wsu-spacing-bottom--none wsu-spacing-before--default\">Our pages provide links to external sites for the convenience of users. WSU Extension does not manage these external sites, nor does Extension review, control, or take responsibility for the content of these sites. These external sites do not implicitly or explicitly represent official positions and policies of WSU Extension.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div><\/section>\n        <div id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" hidden aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <a id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top-btn\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__btn\" href=\"#product-top\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__label\">Back to top<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n        <div id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" hidden aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <a id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top-btn\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__btn\" href=\"#product-top\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__label\">Back to top<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lindsey du Toit and Debra Inglis, editors WSU Mount Vernon NWREC 16650 State Rte 536, Mount Vernon, WA 98273-4768 360-848-6140 (tel), 360-848-6159 (fax) Newsletter Archives WSU Vegetable Pathology Team Newsletter IN THIS ISSUE Hello Pest&amp;hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration_date":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3369"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3369"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7942,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3369\/revisions\/7942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}