{"id":197,"date":"2021-06-13T18:04:52","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T01:04:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/?page_id=197"},"modified":"2024-10-21T11:43:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T18:43:11","slug":"diseases-pests-and-other-problems-common-to-many-vegetables","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/diseases-pests-and-other-problems-common-to-many-vegetables\/","title":{"rendered":"Diseases, pests, and other problems common to many vegetables"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wsu-row  wsu-color-background--gray-5 wsu-row--halves\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wsu-cta  wsu-cta--width-inline\" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"#Diseases14\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tDiseases\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-cta  wsu-cta--width-inline\" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"#Nematodes\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tNematodes\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-cta  wsu-cta--width-inline\" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"#inmitepest\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tInsect\/MitePests\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-cta  wsu-cta--width-inline\" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"#Weeds\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tWeeds\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wsu-cta  wsu-cta--width-inline\" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"#Herbicide\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tHerbicide Injury\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-cta \" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"#Abiotic\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tAbiotic problems common to Vegetables\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"home\">Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--halves\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Clubroot\">Clubroot of brassica vegetables<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Damping\">Damping-off\/Seedling blight<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Verticillium\">Verticillium wilt<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Whitemold\">White mold<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\">Nematodes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Rootknot\">Root knot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\">Insect\/Mite Pests<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--thirds\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Aphids\">Aphids<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Blister\">Blister beetle<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Broadmites\">Broad mites<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#stinkbug\">Brown marmorated stink bug<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Fleabeetle\">Flea beetle<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Lygus\">Lygus bugs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Seedcorn\">Seedcorn maggot<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Spidermites\">Spider mites<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Squashbug\">Squash bug<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#thrips\">Western flower thrips<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Whitefly\">Whitefly<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Wireworm\">Wireworm<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\">Weeds<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--halves\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#dodder\">Field dodder<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#nutsedge\">Yellow nutsedge<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\">Herbicide Injury<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--halves\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Aminopyralid\">Aminopyralid toxicity to vegetables<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#injury\">2,4-D injury to vegetables<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\">Abiotic Problems Common to Vegetables<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--halves\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Airpollution\">Air pollution or ozone injury<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Blossom\">Blossom end rot<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Edema\">Edema<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Gen\">General nutrient deficiencies and toxicities<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#splitting\">Stem splitting in brassica crops<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#Vivipary\">Vivipary<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--single\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(Click on photo to enlarge)<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">In addiditon to the resources found here, the WSU Urban IPM Program\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/\">Hortsense<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/pestsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/Home\/PestsenseHome.aspx\">Pestsense<\/a>&nbsp;<br>websites are designed for homeowner education and are used by County Extension Educators, Master Gardener Coordinators, Master Gardeners and Clinic Diagnosticians. Together, the two websites contain 1,050 fact sheets which provide up-to-date, research-based information on problem insects, diseases, and weeds and their management. The websites have been upgraded and the new versions are now available online. Additional features include a Hortsense image library and search, print and email options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"Diseases14\">Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Clubroot\">Club root of brassica vegetables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"collapse_bottom\"><strong>Disease<\/strong>: Club root of brassica vegetables<br><strong>Pathogen<\/strong>:&nbsp;<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae<\/i><br><b>Host crops<\/b>:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/brassicaceae\/broccoli\/#Clubroot\">Broccoli<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cabbage\/#Clubroot\">cabbage<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/brassicaceae\/cauliflower\/#Club\">cauliflower<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/brassicaceae\/brassicaceae-cruciferous-weeds\/#Clubroot\">brassicaceae (cruciferous) weeds<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/brassicaceae\/radish\/#Clubroot\">radish<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/cabbage-clubroot-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/cabbage-clubroot-3L-396x296.jpg\" alt=\"below-ground symptoms of clubroot on roots\" class=\"wp-image-934\" width=\"198\" height=\"148\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/cabbage-clubroot-3L-396x296.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/cabbage-clubroot-3L.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Below-ground symptoms of clubroot.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/cabbage-cauliflower-brassica-sp-clubroot\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Cabbage and Cauliflower (<i>Brassica<\/i>&nbsp;sp.) \u2013 Clubroot<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vegetables.cornell.edu\/pest-management\/disease-factsheets\/clubroot-of-crucifers\/\">Clubroot of Crucifers<\/a>. Vegetable MD Online.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clubroot\">Clubroot<\/a>. Wikipedia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vri.org.nz\/dmsdocument\/140-a0019406-1995-control-of-clubroot-in-vegetable-brassicas-copy\">Clubroot of vegetable brassicas \u2013 towards integrated control. New Zealand Institute for Crop &amp; Food Research Ltd<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ohioline.osu.edu\/hyg-fact\/3000\/3118.html\">Clubroot of Crucifers<\/a>. The Ohio State University Extension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/07\/11CCC2791-Clubroot-Sanitation-Guide-r3-LR1.pdf\">Managing Clubroot: Equipment Sanitation Guide (pdf)<\/a>. Canola Council of Canada.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canolawatch.org\/2013\/06\/26\/top-10-tips-from-the-2013-international-clubroot-workshop\/\">Top 10 tips from the 2013 International Clubroot Workshop<\/a>. Canola Watch, Canola Council of Canada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Damping\">Damping-off\/Seedling blight<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disease<\/strong>:&nbsp;Damping-off\/Seedling blight<br><strong>Pathogen<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>Aphanomyces<\/em>, <em>Fusarium<\/em>, <em>Pythium<\/em>, and&nbsp;<em>Rhizoctonia&nbsp;species<\/em>.<br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Most vegetables are susceptible to damping-off\/seedling blight including&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/watermelon\/#Damping\">watermelon<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--thirds\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/watermelon-seedling-blight-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/watermelon-seedling-blight-1L-396x306.jpg\" alt=\"phthium root rot of watermelon\" class=\"wp-image-1407\" width=\"198\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/watermelon-seedling-blight-1L-396x306.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/watermelon-seedling-blight-1L.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/spinach-damping-off-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-damping-off-1L-396x272.jpg\" alt=\"wilted and dead spinach seedlings\" class=\"wp-image-2746\" width=\"198\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-damping-off-1L-396x272.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-damping-off-1L.jpg 1491w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Post-emergence damping-off of spinach seedlings. Note the wilted and dead seedlings in the center of the photo.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/spinach-damping-off-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-damping-off-2L-396x317.jpg\" alt=\"Damped-off spinach sroot symptoms\" class=\"wp-image-2747\" width=\"198\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-damping-off-2L-396x317.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-damping-off-2L.jpg 1391w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Damped-off spinach seedlings washed in water to show root symptoms. Note the brown and blackened roots of damped-off seedlings compared to the white root of a healthy seedling.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/damping\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Damping-off in Vegetable Seedlings<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/corn-zea-mays-seed-rot-damping-seedling-blight\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Corn (<i>Zea mays<\/i>) \u2013 Seed Rot and Seedling Blight<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/watermelon-citrullus-sp-damping#Damping\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Watermelon (<i>Citrullus lanatus<\/i>) \u2013 Damping-off<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/common-diseases-damping-off\/\">Common Diseases: Damping-off<\/a>. Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Verticillium\">Verticillium wilt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Disease<\/strong>:&nbsp;Verticillium wilt<br><strong>Pathogen<\/strong>:&nbsp;Verticillium&nbsp;species, including&nbsp;V. albo-atrum, V. dahliae&nbsp;and&nbsp;V. longisporum, depending on the vegetable crop.<br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Numerous vegetables including many brassica vegetables (but not broccoli), cucumber,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/eggplant\/#Verticilliumwilt\">eggplant<\/a>, pepper,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Verticilliumwilt\">potato<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/pumpkin\/#Verticilliumwilt\">pumpkin<\/a>, radish,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/spinach\/#Verticillium\">spinach<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/tomato\/#Verticilliumwilt\">tomato<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/watermelon\/#Verticilliumwilt\">watermelon<\/a>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--thirds\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/spinach-verticillium-wilt-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-verticillium-wilt-1L.jpg\" alt=\"verticillium wilt symptoms of spinach-1\" class=\"wp-image-2765\" width=\"198\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-verticillium-wilt-1L.jpg 731w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-verticillium-wilt-1L-396x325.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of Verticillium wilt only develop after initiation of &#8216;bolting&#8217; (reproductive growth), and start as interveinal chlorosis of the lower leaves that progresses to interveinal necrosis.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg123l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg123L.jpg\" alt=\"Verticillium wilt on potato\" class=\"wp-image-2654\" width=\"151\" height=\"218\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>G.Q. Pelter<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/pathogen-articles\/common\/fungi\/plants-resistant-susceptible-verticillium-wilt\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Plants Resistant or Susceptible to Verticillium Wilt<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/common-diseases-verticillium-wilt\/\">Common Diseases: Verticillium wilt<\/a>. Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/cucumber-pumpkin-squash-verticillium-wilt\/\">Cucumber, Pumpkin, Squash: Verticillium wilt<\/a>, Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/08\/VerticilliumWiltOfSpinach-PD-89-4-11.pdf\">Verticillium Wilt in Spinach Seed Production (pdf)<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/spinach-spinacia-oleracea-verticillium-wilt\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) \u2013 Verticillium Wilt<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ipmdata.ipmcenters.org\/documents\/cropprofiles\/WAspinachseed.pdf\">Crop Profile for Spinach Seed in Washington (pdf)<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/potato-solanum-tuberosum-verticillium-wilt-potato-early-dying\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) \u2013 Verticillium Wilt {Potato Early Dying}<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/potato-verticillium-wilt-potato-early-dying\/\">Potato: Verticillium wilt (Potato early dying)<\/a>, Washington State University&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/\">Hortsense<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-verticillium-wilt\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) \u2013 Wilts (Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/tomato-verticillium-wilt\/\">Tomato: Verticillium wilt<\/a>, Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Whitemold\">White mold<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disease<\/strong>:&nbsp;White mold<br><strong>Pathogen<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<\/em><br><b>Host crops<\/b>:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/bean\/#WhiteMold\">Bean<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/brassicaceae\/#White mold\">various brassica vegetables<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/carrot\/#Whitemold\">carrot<\/a>, eggplant,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/lettuce\/#WhiteMold\">lettuce<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Whitemold\">potato<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/tomato\/#Whitemold\">tomato<\/a>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg111l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg111L-e1627971198293-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"white mold on green bean\" class=\"wp-image-541\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg111L-e1627971198293-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg111L-e1627971198293.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>G.Q. Pelter<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/carrot-white-mold-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-white-mold-2L-396x280.jpg\" alt=\"dieback of carrot from whitemold\" class=\"wp-image-1162\" width=\"198\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-white-mold-2L-396x280.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-white-mold-2L.jpg 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dead and dying plants in a carrot seed crop infected with white mold.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-white-mold-8l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-8L-e1627602120805.jpg\" alt=\"white mold symptoms on lettuce-1\" class=\"wp-image-1536\" width=\"160\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-8L-e1627602120805.jpg 404w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-8L-e1627602120805-396x349.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms resulting from basal infection of the stem from<i> Sclerotinia<\/i> inoculum in the soil.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg70l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg70L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"White mold on tomato\" class=\"wp-image-2889\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg70L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg70L.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">White mold infection of a tomato plant.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>E. J. Sorensen<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brassicaceae-white-mold-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brassicaceae-white-mold-1L-396x287.jpg\" alt=\"white mold on cabbage\" class=\"wp-image-971\" width=\"198\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brassicaceae-white-mold-1L-396x287.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brassicaceae-white-mold-1L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">White mold symptoms on a cabbage head.<br><strong>Photo Source:<\/strong> Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/bean-snap-phaseolus-vulgaris-white-mold-sclerotinia-rot\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, Snap (Phaseolus vulgaris) \u2013 White Mold {Sclerotinia Rot}<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bean:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/bean-white-mold-sclerotinia-rot\/\">White mold (Sclerotinia rot)<\/a>. Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/cabbage-cauliflower-brassica-sp-sclerotinia-stem-rot-watery-soft-rot\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Cabbage and Cauliflower (Brassica&nbsp;sp.) \u2013 Sclerotinia Stem Rot and Watery Soft Rot<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/carrot-daucus-carota-cottony-rot\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Carrot (Daucus carota) Cottony Rot<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.bugwood.org\/uploads\/CottonyRot-Carrot.pdf\">Carrot: Cottony Rot (White Mold) (pdf)<\/a>. Howard F. Schwartz and David H. Gent, Colorado State University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/lettuce-lactuca-sativa-drop-sclerotinia-rot\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa<\/i>) \u2013 Drop {Sclerotinia Rot}<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ipm.ucanr.edu\/agriculture\/lettuce\/lettuce-drop\/\">UC Pest Management Guidelines: Lettuce: Lettuce Drop<\/a>. UC IPM Online. University of California.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ag.arizona.edu\/PLP\/plpext\/diseases\/vegetables\/lettuce\/lettuceld.htm\">Diseases of lettuce (&nbsp;<i>Lactuca sativa<\/i>&nbsp;) in Arizona: Leaf drop<\/a>. Extension Plant Pathology, The University of Arizona.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cals.arizona.edu\/crops\/counties\/yuma\/farmnotes\/2003\/fn1103sclerotinia.html\">Evaluation of Products to Manage Sclerotinia Leaf Drop of Lettuce in 2003<\/a>. The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/pepper-capsicum-spp-white-mold\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Pepper (<i>Capsicum<\/i>&nbsp;sp.) \u2013 White Mold<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/potato-solanum-tuberosum-white-mold-sclerotinia-stem-rot\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) \u2013 White Mold {Sclerotinia Stem Rot}<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-white-mold\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) \u2013 White Mold<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"Nematodes\">Nematodes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Rootknot\">Root knot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Disease<\/strong>:&nbsp;Root knot<br><strong>Pathogen<\/strong>:&nbsp;<i>Meloidogyne<\/i>&nbsp;species<br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Numerous plant species including many vegetables such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/carrot\/#Rootknot\">carrot<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/coriander-cilantro\/#Rootknot\">coriander<\/a>, onion,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Rootknot\">potato<\/a>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg76l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg76L-e1626884442571-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"Root knot nematode on carrot\" class=\"wp-image-1160\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg76L-e1626884442571-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg76L-e1626884442571.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>E. J. Sorensen<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/carrot-root-knot-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-root-knot-4L.jpg\" alt=\"galls cause by root knot nematode\" class=\"wp-image-1159\" width=\"167\" height=\"132\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Galls caused by root knot nematode.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/coriander-root-knot-nematode-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/coriander-root-knot-nematode-1L-396x243.jpg\" alt=\"coriander-root-knot-nematode\" class=\"wp-image-1268\" width=\"198\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/coriander-root-knot-nematode-1L-396x243.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/coriander-root-knot-nematode-1L.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Patches of stunted plants in a coriander seed crop caused by root knot nematode.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/coriander-root-knot-nematode-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/coriander-root-knot-nematode-3L-396x276.jpg\" alt=\"root knot symptoms on coriander seedlings\" class=\"wp-image-1270\" width=\"198\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/coriander-root-knot-nematode-3L-396x276.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/coriander-root-knot-nematode-3L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Coriander seedlings showing various degrees of dieback and root galling from root knot nematode.<br>\n<strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg131l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg131L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"root knot on potato-1\" class=\"wp-image-2671\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg131L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg131L.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of root knot on potato tubers.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>G.Q. Pelter<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg126l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg126L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"root knot on potato-2\" class=\"wp-image-2670\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg126L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg126L.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of root knot on potato tubers.<strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>G.Q. Pelter<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/carrot-daucus-carota-nematode-root-knot\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Carrot (Daucus carota) \u2013 Nematode, Root-knot<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/carrot-root-knot-nematode\/\">Carrot: Root-knot nematode<\/a>, Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/nematodes\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Nematodes<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/07\/Major-problems-with-minor-Meloidogyne-spp-Elling-2013-phytopathology.pdf\">Major Emerging Problems with Minor&nbsp;Meloidogyne&nbsp;Species (pdf)<\/a>. By Axel A. Elling, Washington State University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/potato-solanum-tuberosum-nematode-root-knot\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) \u2013 Nematode, Root-knot<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ipm.ucanr.edu\/agriculture\/onion-and-garlic\/Nematodes\/\">Onion and Garlic: Nematodes<\/a>, UC IPM Online, University of California.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apsnet.org\/edcenter\/intropp\/lessons\/Nematodes\/Pages\/RootknotNematode.aspx\">Root-knot nematode<\/a>. APSnet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"inmitepest\">Insect\/Mite Pests<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Aphids\">Aphids<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common names<\/strong>:&nbsp;Numerous aphids can infest vegetable crops, e.g., bean aphid, green peach aphid, melon aphid, and potato aphid.<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>: Numerous types of aphids including&nbsp;<em>Aphis fabae<\/em>&nbsp;(bean aphid),&nbsp;<em>Myzus persicae<\/em>&nbsp;(green peach aphid),&nbsp;<em>Aphis gossypii<\/em>&nbsp;(melon aphid), and&nbsp;<em>Acrosiphum euphorbiae<\/em> (potato aphid).<br><b>Host crops<\/b>: In addition to cucumber, corn seed, melon,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Aphids\">potato<\/a>, tomato, eggplant and pepper, aphids can feed on many other vegetables including broccoli, cabbage, spinach, Swiss chard,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/squash\/#Aphids\">squash<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/pumpkin\/#Aphids\">pumpkin<\/a>, beet as well as many weed species including Brassicaceae (cruciferous) weeds.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--thirds\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/green-peach-aphid-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/green-peach-aphid-1L.jpg\" alt=\"green peach aphid nymph on leaf\" class=\"wp-image-1367\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/green-peach-aphid-1L.jpg 468w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/green-peach-aphid-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Green peach aphid may be found along the midrib on the underside of leaves of a host plant. Mature aphids are about 2 mm long (ca. 1\/16 inch), egg-shaped, and the color of the wingless nymphs and adults ranges from pinkish yellow to yellowish green. There are usually multiple individuals in a single colony.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/green-peach-aphid-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/green-peach-aphid-2L-396x293.jpg\" alt=\"green peach aphid developed wings \" class=\"wp-image-1368\" width=\"198\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/green-peach-aphid-2L-396x293.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/green-peach-aphid-2L.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The green peach aphid tends to overwinter in stone fruit trees. By late May to early June, individual aphids in a colony develop wings and fly to vegetable crops and a wide range of weeds. As the aphids disperse (June to August), they can transmit important viruses including <a href=\"https:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/potato\/#Leaf roll\">potato leaf roll virus<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/potato\/#PVY\">potato virus Y<\/a>.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/green-peach-aphid-3l-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Green-peach-aphid-3L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"aphid damage on leaf\" class=\"wp-image-2674\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Green-peach-aphid-3L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Green-peach-aphid-3L.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The easiest way to scout for aphid colonies is to search perimeter vegetable plants for copious amounts of sticky, glistening honeydew coating the upper surfaces of lower leaves of plants. Honeydew may contain numerous cast (shed) skins (white to gray) and a black sooty mold (fungus) that colonizes aphid honeydew.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eorganic.org\/node\/5304\">Biology and Management of Aphids in Organic Cucurbit Production Systems<\/a>, eOrganic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable\/vegetable-pests\/common-vegetable\/vegetable-crop-aphid\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook: Vegetable crop pests-Aphid<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable\/irish-potato\/potato-irish-aphid\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook: Potato, Irish \u2013 Aphid<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable\/vegetable-pests\/hosts-pests\/pumpkin-squash-aphid\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook: Pumpkin and squash \u2013 Aphid<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/common-insects-and-mites-aphids\/\">Common Insect &amp; Mite: Aphids<\/a>, Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Blister\">Blister beetle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name<\/strong>:&nbsp;Blister beetle<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>:&nbsp;<i>Epicauta<\/i>&nbsp;<em>spp.<\/em> including&nbsp;<em>E. maculata<\/em><br><strong>Host Crops<\/strong>: Blister beetles are typically considered beneficial insects as the larvae feed on grasshopper eggs, but they are occasional pests on crops such as alfalfa, beets, beans, clover,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Blisterbeetle\">potatoes<\/a>, other vegetable and field crops, and native plants.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-blister-beetle-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-1L-396x527.jpg\" alt=\"potato crop\" class=\"wp-image-2677\" width=\"198\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-1L-396x527.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-1L.jpg 413w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Blister beetles defoliated a short section of an outside row of a potato crop, but did a little damage beyond that. The potato crop was adjacent to rangeland that had a lot of grasshopper eggs on which blister beetle larvae feed.<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Sally Hubbs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-blister-beetle-5l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-5L.jpg\" alt=\"Close up photo of blister beetle\" class=\"wp-image-2681\" width=\"188\" height=\"141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-5L.jpg 750w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-5L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Adult blister beetle of the species <i>Epicauta pruinosa<\/i>, which is differentiated from adults of <i>E. fabricii <\/i>by the second antennal segment: shorter than the third segment on E. <i>pruinosa<\/i> but longer or equal to the third segment on <i>E. fabricii. E. fabricii<\/i> has a range south and east of Oregon, while <i>E. pruinosa,<\/i> appears to be common in the Pacific Northwest and has a wider range. The two species produce different levels of cantharin, which is toxic and lethal to cattle.<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>OSU-HAREC Rondon\u2019s lab (A. Murphy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-blister-beetle-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-2L-396x527.jpg\" alt=\"blister beetle damage to potato\" class=\"wp-image-2678\" width=\"198\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-2L-396x527.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-2L.jpg 413w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Blister beetles defoliated a short section of an outside row of a potato crop, but did a little damage beyond that. The potato crop was adjacent to rangeland that had a lot of grasshopper eggs on which blister beetle larvae feed.<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Sally Hubbs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-blister-beetle-6l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-6L.jpg\" alt=\"Close up p view of blister beetle\" class=\"wp-image-2682\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-6L.jpg 750w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-6L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Adult blister beetle of the species <i>Epicauta pruinosa<\/i>, which is differentiated from adults of <i>E. fabricii <\/i>by the second antennal segment: shorter than the third segment on E. <i>pruinosa<\/i> but longer or equal to the third segment on <i>E. fabricii. E. fabricii<\/i> has a range south and east of Oregon, while <i>E. pruinosa,<\/i> appears to be common in the Pacific Northwest and has a wider range. The two species produce different levels of cantharin, which is toxic and lethal to cattle.<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>OSU-HAREC Rondon\u2019s lab (A. Murphy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized wsu-spacing-before--large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-blister-beetle-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-3L-396x297.jpg\" alt=\"damaged potato caused by blister bettle\" class=\"wp-image-2679\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-3L-396x297.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-3L.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Blister beetles defoliated a short section of an outside row of a potato crop, but did a little damage beyond that. The potato crop was adjacent to rangeland that had a lot of grasshopper eggs on which blister beetle larvae feed.<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Sally Hubbs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-blister-beetle-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-4L-396x527.jpg\" alt=\"damaged potato field by blister beetle\" class=\"wp-image-2680\" width=\"198\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-4L-396x527.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-blister-beetle-4L.jpg 413w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Blister beetles defoliated a short section of an outside row of a potato crop, but did a little damage beyond that. The potato crop was adjacent to rangeland that had a lot of grasshopper eggs on which blister beetle larvae feed.<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Sally Hubbs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.extension.wsu.edu\/blister-beetles-pest-or-beneficial-predator\">Blister Beetles: Pest or Beneficial Predator?<\/a>, Washington State University Extension Fact Sheet FS113E.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uspest.org\/potato\/blisterbeetles.pdf\">Blister Beetles: Coleptera: Meloidae&nbsp;Epicauta maculata, E. fabricii, E. puncticollis, Lytta nutalli (pdf)<\/a>. Modified from G. Bishop, et al. 1982.&nbsp;Management of Potato Insects in the Western States, Integrated Plant Protection Center of Oregon State University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/08\/Case-study-8-Blister-Beetles.pdf\">Blister Beetles (pdf)<\/a>, Identification &amp; Management of Emerging Vegetable Problems in the Pacific Northwest. Pacific Northwest Vegetable Extension Group.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uspest.org\/pnw\/insects\/\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook<\/a>. Chapter: Vegetables, Section: Table Beets (aphid to cucumber beetle).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Broadmites\">Broad mites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name<\/strong>: Broad mites are tiny (0.2 mm-long adult females), oval, light yellow to amber or white or even green arachnids (so they have eight legs). Male adults are smaller. There are four life stages: egg, larva, nymph and adult. Eggs are colorless, translucent, elliptical, about 0.08 mm long, and covered with white tufts on the upper surface. Young broad mites have only three pairs of legs, are slow moving, and whitish in color. The quiescent stage is an immobile, engorged larva. Injury to broad mites can be difficult to diagnose because of how small the pests are and the locations where they feed on plants. Broad mites typically feed within growing meristems and require magnification to be seen.<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>Polyphagotarsonemus latus<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>Arachnida<\/em>: Acari: Tarsonemidae)<br><strong>Host crops<\/strong>: Broad mites have a wide host range in tropical areas and commonly infect plants in greenhouses in temperate and subtropical areas. Hosts include many perennial and annual plant species, including ornamentals, citrus, grape, and vegetables such as bean, cucurbits, eggplant, tomato, pepper, potato, etc. Adults feed on the lower surface of leaves and on fruit.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-broad-mite-01l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-01L-396x598.jpg\" alt=\"Severe damage to pepper plants caused by broad mites-1\" class=\"wp-image-2523\" width=\"150\" height=\"218\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Severe damage to pepper plants caused by broad mites.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Washington State University Puyallup Diagnostic Lab<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-broad-mite-02l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-02L-396x598.jpg\" alt=\"Severe damage to pepper plants caused by broad mites-2\" class=\"wp-image-2524\" width=\"150\" height=\"218\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Severe damage to pepper plants caused by broad mites.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Washington State University Puyallup Diagnostic Lab<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-broad-mite-03l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-03L-396x305.jpg\" alt=\"Close-up view of broad mites on pepper-1\" class=\"wp-image-2525\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Close-up image of broad mite eggs on pepper.Close-up image of broad mite eggs on pepper.  <br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Washington State University Puyallup Diagnostic Lab<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-broad-mite-04l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-04L.jpg\" alt=\"Close-up view of broad mites on pepper-2\" class=\"wp-image-2526\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-04L.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-04L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Close-up image of tiny, white, broad mites on pepper fruit.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Washington State University Puyallup Diagnostic Lab<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-broad-mite-05l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-05L.jpg\" alt=\"Damage to pepper plants by broad mites-1\" class=\"wp-image-2527\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-05L.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-05L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Damage to pepper plants by broad mites.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lou Almasi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-broad-mite-06l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-06L.jpg\" alt=\"Damage to pepper plants by broad mites-2\" class=\"wp-image-2528\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-06L.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-06L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Damage to pepper plants by broad mites.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lou Almasi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-broad-mite-07l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-broad-mite-07L.jpg\" alt=\"Damage to pepper plants by broad mites-3\" class=\"wp-image-2529\" width=\"148\" height=\"218\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Damage to pepper plants by broad mites.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lou Almasi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Online Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/plants\/vegetable-fruit\/news\/2015\/broad-mites-in-fruiting-vegetables\">Broad Mites in Fruiting Vegetables<\/a>, Penn State Extension, Plants and Pests, Vegetable, Small Fruit, and Mushroom Production News.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/entnemdept.ufl.edu\/creatures\/orn\/broad_mite.htm\">Broad Mite<\/a>, Featured Creatures, Entomology &amp; Nematology, FDACS\/DPI, EDIS, University of Florida.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenhousemag.com\/article\/gm_0909_broad_mite_plant_health\/\">Broad mite is becoming an increasing problem<\/a>, Dan Gilrein, Greenhouse Management Magazine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.uga.edu\/programs-services\/integrated-pest-management\/commodities\/vegetables\/solanaceous-crops.html\">Broad Mite<\/a>, Entomology: Insects Associated With Vegetable Crops in Georgia: Solanaceous Crops, University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/msue.anr.msu.edu\/news\/broad_mite_not_your_typical_michigan_mite\">Broad mite: Not your typical Michigan mite<\/a>, Michigan State University Extension News.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"stinkbug\">Brown marmorated stink bug<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name<\/strong>:&nbsp;Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB)<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>:&nbsp;<i>Halyomorpha halys<\/i><br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Very wide host range including Oregon berry, grape, tree fruits, hazelnuts, vegetables including&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/pepper\/#Brown\">pepper<\/a>, corn, tomato, ornamentals, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-6l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-6L-396x317.jpg\" alt=\"brown-marmorated-stink-bug-2\" class=\"wp-image-2938\" width=\"198\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-6L-396x317.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-6L.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Three or four key characteristics are used to distinguish the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) from other stink bugs found in the Pacific Northwest: 1) white bands on the brown antennae, 2) bands on the dorsal (top) side of the peripheral margin of the abdomen, 3) smooth leading edge of the prothorax (shoulders), 4) \u2018gem-encrusted\u2019 prothorax just behind the head (on both the dorsal and ventral side).<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Lyndon Porter, USDA ARS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-7l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-7L-396x317.jpg\" alt=\"brown-marmorated-stink-bug-3\" class=\"wp-image-2939\" width=\"198\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-7L-396x317.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-7L.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Three or four key characteristics are used to distinguish the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) from other stink bugs found in the Pacific Northwest: 1) white bands on the brown antennae, 2) bands on the dorsal (top) side of the peripheral margin of the abdomen, 3) smooth leading edge of the prothorax (shoulders), 4) \u2018gem-encrusted\u2019 prothorax just behind the head (on both the dorsal and ventral side).<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Lyndon Porter, USDA ARS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-8l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-8L-396x317.jpg\" alt=\"brown-marmorated-stink-bug-4\" class=\"wp-image-2940\" width=\"198\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-8L-396x317.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-8L.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Three or four key characteristics are used to distinguish the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) from other stink bugs found in the Pacific Northwest: 1) white bands on the brown antennae, 2) bands on the dorsal (top) side of the peripheral margin of the abdomen, 3) smooth leading edge of the prothorax (shoulders), 4) \u2018gem-encrusted\u2019 prothorax just behind the head (on both the dorsal and ventral side).<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Lyndon Porter, USDA ARS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-9l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-9L-396x317.jpg\" alt=\"brown-marmorated-stink-bug-5\" class=\"wp-image-2941\" width=\"198\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-9L-396x317.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-9L.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Three or four key characteristics are used to distinguish the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) from other stink bugs found in the Pacific Northwest: 1) white bands on the brown antennae, 2) bands on the dorsal (top) side of the peripheral margin of the abdomen, 3) smooth leading edge of the prothorax (shoulders), 4) \u2018gem-encrusted\u2019 prothorax just behind the head (on both the dorsal and ventral side).<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Lyndon Porter, USDA ARS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"pepper showing symptoms from brown marmorated stink bug damage-1\" class=\"wp-image-2531\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Nik Wimann, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-5l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-5L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"pepper showing symptoms from brown marmorated stink bug damage-5\" class=\"wp-image-2535\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-5L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-5L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Nik Wimann, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-2L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"pepper showing symptoms from brown marmorated stink bug damage-2\" class=\"wp-image-2532\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-2L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-2L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Nik Wimann, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/tomato-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1L-396x280.jpg\" alt=\"brown marmorated stink bug damage on tomato\" class=\"wp-image-2945\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Galen Dively, University of Maryland<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-3L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"pepper showing symptoms from brown marmorated stink bug damage-3\" class=\"wp-image-2533\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-3L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-3L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Nik Wimann, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/corn-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/corn-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1L-396x391.jpg\" alt=\"brown marmorated stink bug on corn\" class=\"wp-image-2944\" width=\"144\" height=\"132\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Tracy Leskey, USDA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-4L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"pepper showing symptoms from brown marmorated stink bug damage-4\" class=\"wp-image-2534\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-4L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-4L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Nik Wimann, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1L-396x465.jpg\" alt=\"close up view of brown marmorated stink bug\" class=\"wp-image-2933\" width=\"116\" height=\"132\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Adult Brown marmorated stink bug.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>C. Hedstrom, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-3L-396x354.jpg\" alt=\"brown marmorated stink bugs\" class=\"wp-image-2935\" width=\"198\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-3L-396x354.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-3L.jpg 475w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-2L-396x463.jpg\" alt=\"brown marmorated stink bug nymphs and eggs\" class=\"wp-image-2934\" width=\"149\" height=\"177\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Nymphs clustered around egg mass.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Nik Wimann, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-4L.jpg\" alt=\"fresh marmorated eggs\" class=\"wp-image-2936\" width=\"116\" height=\"177\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">BMSB eggs are typically blue-green in color when fresh.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Nik Wimann, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-5l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-5L-396x310.jpg\" alt=\"brown-marmorated-stink-bug-1\" class=\"wp-image-2937\" width=\"198\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-5L-396x310.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-5L.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>P Shearer, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-10l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-10L-396x317.jpg\" alt=\"brown-marmorated-stink-bug-6\" class=\"wp-image-2942\" width=\"198\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-10L-396x317.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-10L.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Closeup view of the ventral side of a brown marmorated stink bug.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lyndon Porter, USDA ARS<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-11l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-11L-396x317.jpg\" alt=\"brown-marmorated-stink-bug-7\" class=\"wp-image-2943\" width=\"198\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-11L-396x317.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-11L.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Marginal dorsal banding pattern of the abdomen of a brown marmorated stink bug.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lyndon Porter, USDA ARS<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/08\/Case-Study-7-BMSB.pdf\">Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (pdf)<\/a>, Identification &amp; Management of Emerging Vegetable Problems in the Pacific Northwest, Pacific Northwest Vegetable Extension Group.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/agsci.oregonstate.edu\/bmsb\/brown-marmorated-stink-bug\">Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Oregon<\/a>, Oregon State University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/08\/BMSB-News-Spring-2013-Vol-1.pdf\">Brown Marmorated Stink Bug News (pdf)<\/a>. Information and updates for Oregon. Volume 1, Spring 2013. Oregon State University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stopbmsb.org\/stopBMSB\/assets\/File\/BMSB-en-Vegetales-Espanol.pdf\">El Chinche Apestozo Marr\u00f3n Marmolado en Vegetales (pdf)<\/a>&nbsp;(BMSB: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug) &#8211; Resumen de las recomendaciones para su control. Los autores son miembros del BMSB SCRI CAP (siglas en ingles): Equipo de Cultivo de Vegetales.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stopbmsb.org\/stopBMSB\/assets\/File\/BMSB-in-Vegetables-English.pdf\">Integrated Pest Management for Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Vegetables (pdf)<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; A synopsis of what researchers have learned so far and management recommendations using an integrated approach. Authored by the BMSB SCRI CAP Vegetable Commodity Team.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oregon.gov\/ODA\/shared\/Documents\/Publications\/IPPM\/BrownMarmoratedStinkBugPestAlert.pdf\">Pest Alert: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (pdf)<\/a>, A quick ID guide from the Oregon Department of Agriculture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.extension.wsu.edu\/pest-watch-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-home-garden-series\">Pest Watch: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug<\/a>, Washington State University Extension Fact Sheet FS0079E.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Fleabeetle\">Flea beetle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name<\/strong>:&nbsp;Flea beetle<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>: Pictured is the western potato flea beetle,&nbsp;<i>Epitrix subcrinita<\/i>, but the tuber flea beetle,&nbsp;<i>Epitrix tuberis<\/i>, may also damage foliage.<br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Eggplant,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/pepper\/#Fleabeetle\">pepper<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Fleabeetle\">potato<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/tomato\/#Fleabeetle\">tomato<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--thirds\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-1L.jpg\" alt=\"damaged potato leaf by a flea beetle\" class=\"wp-image-2542\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-1L.jpg 624w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Potato flea beetle damage on potato foliage appears as scallop-like scoops, rounded pits or shotholes originating from the underside of the potato leaf.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-2L-396x316.jpg\" alt=\"adult potato flea beetle\" class=\"wp-image-2543\" width=\"198\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-2L-396x316.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-2L.jpg 587w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The adult flea beetle is small (~1\/16 inch long), oblong, and dark brown to bronze in color.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-3L-396x287.jpg\" alt=\"adult potato flea beetle showing enlarged hind legs\" class=\"wp-image-2544\" width=\"198\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-3L-396x287.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/potato-potato-flea-beetle-3L.jpg 646w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The most distinctive feature of the flea beetle is the enlarged hind legs that provide the insect the ability to jump considerable distances when approached or disturbed.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/whatcom.wsu.edu\/ag\/documents\/seedpotatoes\/eb1198e.pdf\">Potato Flea Beetles: Biology and Control (pdf)<\/a>, Washington State University Extension Bulletin 1198E.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ippc2.orst.edu\/potato\/fleabeetles.pdf\">Potato Flea Beetles. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Western Potato Flea Beetle&nbsp;<i>Epitrix subcrinita<\/i>, Tuber Flea Beetle&nbsp;<i>Epitrix tuberis (pdf)<\/i><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable\/irish-potato\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook<\/a>. Chapter: Irish Potatoes, Section: Flea Beetle to Grasshopper.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/potato-potato-flea-beetles\/\">Vegetables: Potato: Potato flea beetles<\/a>. Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Lygus\">Lygus bugs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name<\/strong>:&nbsp;Lygus bugs<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>:&nbsp;<i>Lygus<\/i>&nbsp;spp.<br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Numerous different species of vegetables and other crops, e.g., alfalfa, beet, cabbage,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/carrot\/#Lygusbugs\">carrot<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Lygusbug\">potato<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/spinach\/#bugs\">spinach<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/swiss-chard\/#Lygus\">Swiss chard<\/a>, etc. Lygus bugs can cause different types of damage to various growth stages of different crops. They cause blackheart on celery, blasting on flower tissues, collapse of asparagus spears, decreased yields in carrot, beet, spinach, and other seed crops, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lygus-bug-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lygus-bug-1L.jpg\" alt=\"injured potato plants by lygus bugs\" class=\"wp-image-2689\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lygus-bug-1L.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lygus-bug-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of feeding injury from lygus bugs on potato plants.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Oregon State University HAREC Irrigated Agricultural Entomology Program (Silvia Rondon)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lygus-bug-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lygus-bug-4L.jpg\" alt=\"lygus bug-1\" class=\"wp-image-2692\" width=\"128\" height=\"171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lygus-bug-4L.jpg 960w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lygus-bug-4L-396x528.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of feeding injury from lygus bugs on potato plants.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Oregon State University HAREC Irrigated Agricultural Entomology Program (Silvia Rondon)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lygus-bug-5l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lygus-bug-5L.jpg\" alt=\"lygus bug-2\" class=\"wp-image-2693\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lygus-bug-5L.jpg 640w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lygus-bug-5L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of feeding injury from lygus bugs on potato plants.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Oregon State University HAREC Irrigated Agricultural Entomology Program (Silvia Rondon)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/carrot-lygus-bug-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-lygus-bug-1L.jpg\" alt=\"people sweeping for lygus bug\" class=\"wp-image-1157\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-lygus-bug-1L.jpg 750w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-lygus-bug-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sweeping for lygus bugs in a carrot seed crop during bloom to determine appropriate management practices.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/swiss-chard-lygus-bug-5l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/swiss-chard-lygus-bug-5L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"lygus bug on a Swiss chard plant-3\" class=\"wp-image-1156\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/swiss-chard-lygus-bug-5L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/swiss-chard-lygus-bug-5L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A lygus bug on a Swiss chard plant. Note the wing pads developing on the insect.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Bev Gerdeman, WSU Entomologist<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable-seed\/carrot\/carrot-seed-lygus-bug\" target=\"blank\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook: Carrot seed \u2013 Lygus bug<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/08\/Lygus-bugs-on-potatoes-in-the-PNW.pdf\">Lygus bugs on potatoes in the Pacific Northwest (pdf)<\/a>. Josephine Antwi, Silvia I. Rondon, and Rodney Cooper, Oregon State University Extension Service Bulletin EM9173, 2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/08\/Lygus-Control-in-Potato-2016.pdf\">Lygus Control in Potato, 2016 (pdf)<\/a>. Silvia I. Rondon and Daniel I. Thompson, Arthropod Management Tests, 2017, 1\u20132, Oxford University Press, 2017.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Seedcorn\">Seedcorn maggot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Disease<\/strong>:&nbsp;Seedcorn maggot<br><strong>Pathogen<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>Delia platura<\/em><br><strong>Host Crops<\/strong>: Many vegetable crops including snap, kidney, and lima&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/bean\/#Seedcorn\">beans<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/onion-allium\/#Seedcornmaggot\">onion<\/a>, corn, turnip,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/pea\/#Seedcornmaggot\">pea<\/a>, cabbage, and cucurbits. They cause the most damage in spring to newly emerging seedlings.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-seedcorn-maggot-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-seedcorn-maggot-1L-396x361.jpg\" alt=\"seedcorn maggot damage to onion\" class=\"wp-image-2417\" width=\"198\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-seedcorn-maggot-1L-396x361.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-seedcorn-maggot-1L.jpg 671w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Onion seedlings damaged by seed corn maggot larvae, with the larvae (white) and a pupa (brown) shown in relation to the size of a paper clip and damaged onion seedlings.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-1L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"seedcorn maggot damage on bean plant\" class=\"wp-image-544\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-1L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-1L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Seedcorn maggot injury to bean leaves.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Tim Waters, WSU Extension Educator for Benton and Franklin Counties<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-2L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"Seedcorn maggot larvae-1\" class=\"wp-image-545\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-2L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-2L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Seedcorn maggot larvae.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Tim Waters, WSU Extension Educator for Benton and Franklin Counties<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-3L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"seedcorn maggot fly on soil-1\" class=\"wp-image-546\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-3L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-seedcorn-maggot-3L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Seedcorn maggot fly on soil.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Tim Waters, WSU Extension Educator for Benton and Franklin Counties<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/bean-seedcorn-maggot\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Bean-seedcorn-maggot-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"Seedcorn maggot fly-1\" class=\"wp-image-7334\" width=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Bean-seedcorn-maggot-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Bean-seedcorn-maggot.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Seedcorn maggot fly.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Tim Waters, WSU Extension Educator for Benton and Franklin Counties<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable\/vegetable-pests\/common-vegetable\/vegetable-crop-seedcorn-maggot\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook: Vegetable crop pests \u2013 Seedcorn maggot<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vegedge.umn.edu\/insect-pest-profiles\/seed-corn-maggot\">Seed Corn Maggot<\/a>. VegEdge, University of Minnesota.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ag.umass.edu\/vegetable\/fact-sheets\/seed-corn-maggot\">Seed Corn Maggot<\/a>. UMass Amherst.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Spidermites\">Spider mites<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name<\/strong>:&nbsp;Spider mites<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>:&nbsp;<i>Tetranychus<\/i>&nbsp;spp. including twospotted spider mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae<\/i>), strawberry spider mite (<i>Tetranychus turkestani<\/i>), and Pacific spider mite (<i>Tetranychus pacificus<\/i>)<br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Wide host range, including many vegetables such as bean,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/carrot\/#Spidermites\">carrot seed crops<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Spidermites\">potato<\/a>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/carrot-seed-spider-mite-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-seed-spider-mite-1L-396x266.jpg\" alt=\"spider mite on carrot seed crop\" class=\"wp-image-1155\" width=\"198\" height=\"133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-seed-spider-mite-1L-396x266.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-seed-spider-mite-1L.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Severe outbreak of spider mites in a carrot seed crop in central Washington.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/carrot-seed-spider-mite-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-seed-spider-mite-2L-396x310.jpg\" alt=\"spider mite symptoms on carrot seed crop\" class=\"wp-image-1154\" width=\"198\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-seed-spider-mite-2L-396x310.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-seed-spider-mite-2L.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Severe outbreak of spider mites in a carrot seed crop in central Washington.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/twospotted-spider-mite-1l-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/twospotted-spider-mite-1L-1.jpg\" alt=\"spider mites\" class=\"wp-image-1153\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/twospotted-spider-mite-1L-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/twospotted-spider-mite-1L-1-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Two-spotted spider mite adult and eggs on a potato leaf.<br><strong>Photo Source:<\/strong> Silvia Rondon, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/spider-mite-eggs-1l-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/spider-mite-eggs-1L-1.jpg\" alt=\"Eggs of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae.\" class=\"wp-image-1192\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/spider-mite-eggs-1L-1.jpg 850w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/spider-mite-eggs-1L-1-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Eggs of the two-spotted spider mite,<i> Tetranychus urticae.<\/i><br><strong>Photo Source:<\/strong> Silvia Rondon, Oregon State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uspest.org\/pnw\/insects?33MITE01.dat\">Some Common Plant-Feeding Mites and Plant-Inhabiting Mite Predators in the Northwestern United States<\/a>. PNW Insect Management Handbook.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable\/vegetable-pests\/hosts-pests\/bean-lima-spider-mite\">Lima Bean \u2013 Spider Mites<\/a>. PNW Insect Management Handbook.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable-seed\/carrot\/carrot-seed-twospotted-spider-mite\">Carrot seed \u2013 Twospotted spider mite<\/a>. PNW Insect Management Handbook, Chapter: Vegetable Seed, Section: Carrot Seed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ipm.ucanr.edu\/PMG\/PESTNOTES\/pn7405.html\">Managing spider mites in gardens and landscapes<\/a>. University of California Online Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Squashbug\">Squash bug<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Common Name<\/strong>:&nbsp;Squash bug<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>Anasa tristis<\/em><br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Cucurbit vegetables (e.g.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/pumpkin\/#Squashbug\">pumpkin<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/squash\/#Squashbug\">squash<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--thirds\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/squah-squash-bug-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/squah-squash-bug-1L.jpg\" alt=\"gray squash bug\" class=\"wp-image-1374\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/squah-squash-bug-1L.jpg 624w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/squah-squash-bug-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Squash bug nymphs are wingless and range from 1\/8 to 1\/2 inch long with a grayish white body color. They often congregate in groups on the undersides of leaves.\n<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/squash-squash-bug-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/squash-squash-bug-2L-396x285.jpg\" alt=\"adult adult squash bug\" class=\"wp-image-1375\" width=\"198\" height=\"143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/squash-squash-bug-2L-396x285.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/squash-squash-bug-2L.jpg 648w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The adult squash bug has a flattened, elongate body, dark to grayish brown with a speckled pattern on the dorsum, and measure about 1\/2 to 5\/8 inch long. They may appear to have yellow to orange-striped borders on the abdomen. They release a foul odor when crushed.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/squash-squash-bug-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/squash-squash-bug-3L.jpg\" alt=\"squash bug showing long beak\" class=\"wp-image-1376\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/squash-squash-bug-3L.jpg 624w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/squash-squash-bug-3L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Squash bugs have a long \u201cbeak\u201d that they insert into the vine or foliage, and feed by sucking sap from the plant. Yellow specking that later turns brown may appear on leaves where they feed. Severe feeding on young vines, or older vines during the heat of summer, can lead to plant wilingt distal to the point of feeding.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Online Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uspest.org\/pnw\/insects?22VGTB51.dat\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook<\/a>. Chapter: Vegetables, Section: Pumpkin and Squash, pt.2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/cucumber-pumpkin-squash-squash-bug\/\">Vegetables: Cucumber, Pumpkin, Squash: Squash bug<\/a>. Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"thrips\">Western flower thrips<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name<\/strong> (of damaging stage):&nbsp;Western flower thrips<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>Frankliniella&nbsp; occidentalis<br><\/em><strong>Host crops:&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/basil\/#Thrips\">Basil<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/brassicaceae\/broccoli\/#Western\">Broccoli<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cabbage\/#Western\">Cabbage<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/brassicaceae\/cauliflower\/#Western\">Cauliflower<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/cucumber\/#Western\">Cucumber<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/onion-allium\/#Thrips\">Onion<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#thrips\">Potato<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/pumpkin\/#thrips\">Pumpkin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/squash\/#thrips\">Squash<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/tomato\/#thrips\">Tomato<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/watermelon\/#thrips\">Watermelon<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/cucumber-western-flower-thrips1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/cucumber-Western-flower-thrips1L-396x248.jpg\" alt=\"adult Western flower thrips-1\" class=\"wp-image-1052\" width=\"198\" height=\"124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/cucumber-Western-flower-thrips1L-396x248.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/cucumber-Western-flower-thrips1L.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Adult Western flower thrips are minute (less than 1\/8 inch long) narrow-bodied insects that range from straw to dark yellowish-brown in color. Their four wings are very narrow and characterized by long fringed hairs.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/tomato-western-flower-thrips-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-Western-flower-thrips-2L-396x277.jpg\" alt=\"immature Western flower thrips\" class=\"wp-image-2895\" width=\"198\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-Western-flower-thrips-2L-396x277.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-Western-flower-thrips-2L.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An immature Western flower thrip resembles the adult, but is smaller, wingless and translucent yellow in color. There may be multiple generations per year and thrips may invade vegetable fields when alternate flowering plants dry up in the summer or when an adjacent host crop is harvested.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/tomato-western-flower-thrips-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-Western-flower-thrips-3L-396x263.jpg\" alt=\"cosmetic damage to tomato fruit by thrips\" class=\"wp-image-2896\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-Western-flower-thrips-3L-396x263.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-Western-flower-thrips-3L.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Thrips rasp (by puncturing individual surface cells and sucking cellular contents) the surface of flower and fruit tissues as they feed. Their feeding can weaken and deform flowers and reduce flower viability. The most visible damage is caused when they rasp the surface of the fruit in areas where two fruit come in contact or when a leave lies up against the fruit. This damage is cosmetic only and does not extend beneath the fruit skin.\n<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/cucumber-western-flower-thrips4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/cucumber-Western-flower-thrips4L-396x263.jpg\" alt=\"thrip damage to cucumber fruit\" class=\"wp-image-1343\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/cucumber-Western-flower-thrips4L-396x263.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/cucumber-Western-flower-thrips4L.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">When given the opportunity, thrips will feed on the surface cells of cucumber fruit, leaving ghostly white stippling. This damage is cosmetic only, limited to the skin of the fruit. Early surface damage to the cucumber can appear as corky patches, negatively impacting the surface finish.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uspest.org\/pnw\/insects\">Western Flower Thrips Thysanoptera:&nbsp;Thripidae Frankiniella occidentalis<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uspest.org\/pnw\/insects?22VGTB14.dat\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook<\/a>. Chapter: Vegetables, Section: Broccoli, Cabbage, Other Crucifers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/uspest.org\/pnw\/insects\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook<\/a>. Chapter: Vegetables, Section: Cucumber (garden symphylan to wireworm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/Search\/MainMenuWithFactSheet.aspx?CategoryId=5&amp;PlantDefId=42&amp;ProblemId=184\">Vegetables: Bean: Thrips<\/a>. Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/bean-thrips\/\">Vegetables: Broccoli, Cole crops: Thrips<\/a>. Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Whitefly\">Whitefly<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name<\/strong>:&nbsp;Whitefly<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>: Pictured in these photos is the greenhouse whitefly (<i>Trialeurodes vaporariorum<\/i>), but there are multiple species of whitefly that can plague vegetable crops.<br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Eggplant, pepper, potato, tomato, and other crops. Whiteflies are more frequently a problem in greenhouse (transplants) than in field situations in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-whitefly-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-1L-396x377.jpg\" alt=\"adult whitefly-1\" class=\"wp-image-2961\" width=\"198\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-1L-396x377.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-1L.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Whiteflies resemble very small white moths. Whiteflies measure &lt;1\/8 inch (2 mm) in length. The adults tend to fly away as field scouts approach infested plants.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-whitefly-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-2L-396x297.jpg\" alt=\"immature whiteflies-2\" class=\"wp-image-2962\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-2L-396x297.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-2L.jpg 468w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Immature whiteflies resemble small, translucent scales found on the undersides of infested leaves.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-whitefly-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-3L-396x358.jpg\" alt=\"immature whiteflies-3\" class=\"wp-image-2963\" width=\"200\" height=\"189\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Immature whiteflies (nymphs) are very small and difficult to see without a hand lens. Whiteflies feed on plant sap. Large populations can cause leaves to yellow and prematurely drop from plants. Whiteflies excrete sticky honeydew that will cover leaves and become colonized by black sooty mold.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/potato-whitefly-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-4L.jpg\" alt=\"ofwhitefly egg attached to underside of leaf\" class=\"wp-image-2964\" width=\"234\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-4L.jpg 468w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Potato-whitefly-4L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A whitefly egg (white to brown in color) attached to the underside of a leaf. The egg is &lt;1\/16 inch (&lt;1 mm) long.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalarchives.wa.gov\/do\/EE8A30B9BA76C83CECB32C7B3A30DC5B.pdf\">Greenhouse Whitefly: Biology and Control (pdf)<\/a>. Extension Bulletin 1349, Washington State University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable\/vegetable-pests\/hosts-pests\/potato-irish\">Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook<\/a>. Chapter Irish Potatoes, Section: Tuberworm to Wireworm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Wireworm\">Wireworm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name<\/strong>&nbsp;(of damaging stage):&nbsp;Wireworm&nbsp;(adults are called click beetles or snapping beetles)<br><strong>Latin binomial<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>Ctenicera&nbsp;spp.<\/em> and&nbsp;<em>Limonius&nbsp;spp.<\/em> Several kinds of wireworms are in the Pacific Northwest. Wireworms causing the most damage in irrigated areas are the Pacific Coast wireworm (<em>Limonius canus<\/em>), the sugar beet wireworm (<em>L. californicus<\/em>), the western field wireworm (<em>L. infuscatus<\/em>), and the Columbia Basin wireworm (<em>L. subauratus<\/em>). The Pacific Coast and sugar beet wireworms are the most common. Where annual rainfall is &lt;15 inches, the Great Basin wireworm (<em>Ctenicera pruinina<\/em>) may be a problem, especially when irrigated crops are grown on sagebrush or dry wheat land. This species usually disappears after a few years of irrigation, but may be replaced by <em>Limonius spp.<\/em> which are favored by moist conditions. West of the Cascades, other wireworm species are pests, including&nbsp;<em>Agriotes&nbsp;spp<\/em>.<br><b>Host crops<\/b>: All crops are susceptible to wireworm, but this pest is most destructive on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/bean\/#Wireworm\">beans<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/carrot\/#Wireworm\">carrot<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/sweet-corn\/#Wireworm\">corn<\/a>, grain,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/onion-allium\/#Wireworm\">onion<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Wireworm\">potatoes<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/spinach\/#Wireworm\">spinach seed crops<\/a>, and other annual crops in the PNW.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-wireworm-1l-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Onion-wireworm-1L-1.jpg\" alt=\"wireworm damage to onion bulb\" class=\"wp-image-2821\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Onion-wireworm-1L-1.jpg 750w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Onion-wireworm-1L-1-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Tim Waters, WSU Extension Educator<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-wireworm-2l-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Onion-wireworm-2L-1.jpg\" alt=\"wireworms in soil around onion roots\" class=\"wp-image-2822\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Onion-wireworm-2L-1.jpg 750w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Onion-wireworm-2L-1-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Tim Waters, WSU Extension Educator<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-wireworm-3l-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Onion-wireworm-3L-1-396x277.jpg\" alt=\"wireworm in soil near onion roots\" class=\"wp-image-2823\" width=\"198\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Onion-wireworm-3L-1-396x277.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Onion-wireworm-3L-1.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Gary Pelter, WSU Extension Educator Emeritus<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-wireworm-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-wireworm-4L.jpg\" alt=\"field of onions showing wireworm damage\" class=\"wp-image-2422\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-wireworm-4L.jpg 650w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-wireworm-4L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Tim Waters,\nWSU Extension Educator<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-wireworm-5l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-wireworm-5L.jpg\" alt=\"Wireworm larvae\" class=\"wp-image-566\" width=\"164\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-wireworm-5L.jpg 525w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-wireworm-5L-396x528.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 164px) 100vw, 164px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source:<\/strong> Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-wireworm-6l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-wireworm-6L.jpg\" alt=\"Wireworms feeding on an onion plant in a bunching onion (CFC = cepa fisutlosum cross) seed crop.\" class=\"wp-image-2426\" width=\"165\" height=\"218\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Wireworms feeding on an onion plant in a bunching onion (CFC = <i>cepa fistulosum <\/i>cross) seed crop.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/carrot-wireworm-1l-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Carrot-wireworm-1L.jpg\" alt=\"carrot showing wireworm and symptoms of wireworm damage\" class=\"wp-image-2829\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Carrot-wireworm-1L.jpg 750w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Carrot-wireworm-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Damage to a carrot root from wireworms.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Doug Young, Professor Emeritus of Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wireworm-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Wireworm-1L-396x267.jpg\" alt=\"A wireworm (click beetle larva) in soil\" class=\"wp-image-2827\" width=\"198\" height=\"134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Wireworm-1L-396x267.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Wireworm-1L.jpg 1084w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A wireworm (click beetle larva).<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Oregon State University-Irrigated Agricultural Entomology Program (Silvia Rondon\u2019s lab).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--sidebar-left\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wireworm-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Wireworm-2L.jpg\" alt=\"showing a wireworm on plant roots\" class=\"wp-image-2828\" width=\"179\" height=\"218\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A wireworm feeding on plant roots.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Oregon State University-Irrigated Agricultural Entomology Program (Silvia Rondon\u2019s lab).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--thirds\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wireworm-clickbeetle-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/wireworm-clickbeetle-1L.jpg\" alt=\"click beetle-1\" class=\"wp-image-573\" width=\"126\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/wireworm-clickbeetle-1L.jpg 505w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/wireworm-clickbeetle-1L-396x667.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 126px) 100vw, 126px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A click beetle of the species <i>Agriotes obscurus<\/i>, the larvae of which are wireworms.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Oregon State University \u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/osac.science.oregonstate.edu\">Oregon State Arthropod Collection<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wireworm-clickbeetle-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/wireworm-clickbeetle-2L.jpg\" alt=\"click beetle-2\" class=\"wp-image-571\" width=\"118\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/wireworm-clickbeetle-2L.jpg 472w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/wireworm-clickbeetle-2L-396x713.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 118px) 100vw, 118px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A click beetle of the species <i>Limonius californicus<\/i>, the larvae of which are wireworms.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Oregon State University \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/osac.science.oregonstate.edu\">Oregon State Arthropod Collection<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wireworm-clickbeetle-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/wireworm-clickbeetle-3L.jpg\" alt=\"click beetle-3\" class=\"wp-image-572\" width=\"121\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/wireworm-clickbeetle-3L.jpg 484w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/wireworm-clickbeetle-3L-396x695.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 121px) 100vw, 121px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A click beetle of the species <i>Limonius canus<\/i>, the larvae of which are wireworms.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Oregon State University \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/osac.science.oregonstate.edu\">Oregon State Arthropod Collection<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable\/vegetable-pests\/common-vegetable\/vegetable-crop-wireworm\">Pacific NorthwestInsect Management Handbook: Vegetable crop pests \u2013 Wireworm<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.omafra.gov.on.ca\/english\/crops\/facts\/00-047.htm\">Managing Wireworms in Vegetable Crops<\/a>. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vegedge.umn.edu\/insect-pest-profiles\/wireworms\">Wireworms<\/a>. VegEdge, University of Minnesota.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/06\/wireworm_syngenta_booklet_2010_web.pdf\">Wireworm Field Guide (pdf)<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; A guide to the identification and control of wireworms, Syngenta Crop Protection Canada, Inc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.extension.wsu.edu\/wireworm-biology-and-nonchemical-management-in-potatoes-in-the-pacific-northwest\">Wireworm Biology and Nonchemical Management in Potatoes in the Pacific Northwest<\/a>, N. Andrews, M. Ambrosino, G. Fisher, and S.I. Rondon, Pacific Northwest Extension Publication no. PNW607.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"Weeds\">Weeds<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"dodder\">Field dodder<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><b>Common name<\/b>:&nbsp;Field dodder<br><b>Latin binomial<\/b>:&nbsp;<i>Cuscuta<\/i>&nbsp;spp.<br><b>Host Crops<\/b>: Bean, beet,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/carrot\/#ParaPlants\">carrot<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/onion-allium\/#Dodder\">onion<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/pepper\/#Fielddodder\">pepper<\/a>, potato, tomato, and many other crops (not only vegetables). Dodder is a parasitic plant that feeds on many other plant species. Dodder cannot photosynthesize, but produces haustoria that penetrate the host plant to absorb water and nutrients. Small, white to cream flowers are produced.<br><b>Photos<\/b>:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/carrot\/#ParaPlants\">Carrot<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/pepper\/#Fielddodder\">Pepper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/field-dodder-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/field-dodder-3L.jpg\" alt=\"field dodder on pepper-4\" class=\"wp-image-2548\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/field-dodder-3L.jpg 468w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/field-dodder-3L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The field dodder \u201cnet\u201d can completely envelope, smother and kill crops.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, WSU Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/carrot-dodder-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-dodder-3L.jpg\" alt=\"field dodder on carrot-2\" class=\"wp-image-1150\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-dodder-3L.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-dodder-3L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dodder coiled on carrot leaves.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/carrot-dodder-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-dodder-1L.jpg\" alt=\"field dodder on carrot-3\" class=\"wp-image-1149\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-dodder-1L.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-dodder-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dodder on carrot.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/carrot-dodder-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-dodder-2L.jpg\" alt=\"field dodder on carrot-4\" class=\"wp-image-1148\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-dodder-2L.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/carrot-dodder-2L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dodder patch.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-dodder-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-dodder-1L.jpg\" alt=\"Dodder and nutsedge\" class=\"wp-image-2430\" width=\"140\" height=\"218\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dodder (back) and nutsedge (front) in an onion bulb crop.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-dodder-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-dodder-2L.jpg\" alt=\"dodder symptoms on onion stems\" class=\"wp-image-2431\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-dodder-2L.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-dodder-2L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stems of a dodder plant in an onion bulb crop. Note the haustoria (protrusions) that the dodder forms to attach to and penetrate onion leaves.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-dodder-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-dodder-3L.jpg\" alt=\"severe dodder in an onion bulb crop\" class=\"wp-image-2429\" width=\"158\" height=\"218\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A severe infestation of dodder in an onion bulb crop. Note the clusters of small, white flowers.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/pathogen-articles\/common\/parasitic-plants-oregon\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Parasitic Plants of Oregon<\/a>. Oregon State University Extension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/weed\/chapter\/control-problem-weeds\">Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook<\/a>. Chapter: Control of Problem Weeds, Section: Full chapter. pp 483\u2013484, Oregon State University Extension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.ipm.ucdavis.edu\/PMG\/PESTNOTES\/pn7496.html.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.colostate.edu\/Dept\/CoopExt\/4DMG\/Weed\/dodder.htm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/pathogen-articles\/common\">Pathogens common many plants<\/a> &#8211; pnwhandbooks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"nutsedge\">Yellow nutsedge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><b>Common name<\/b>:&nbsp;Yellow nutsedge<br><b>Latin binomial<\/b>:&nbsp;<i>Cyperus esculentus<\/i>&nbsp;(Cyperaceae)<br><b>Plants affected<\/b>: Any annual crop; the most seriously affected crops include&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/onion-allium\/#Yellownutsedge\">onion<\/a>&nbsp;and other plants with a light canopy and narrow range of herbicides available for use.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-yellow-nutsedge-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-yellow-nutsedge-1L.jpg\" alt=\"yellow nutsedge\" class=\"wp-image-2434\" width=\"206\" height=\"161\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Closeup view of a yellow nutsedge plant\/flower.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/onion-yellow-nutsedge-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"216\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/onion-yellow-nutsedge-2L.jpg\" alt=\"onion-yellow-nutsedge symptoms-1\" class=\"wp-image-2433\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Severe nutsedge infestation in an onion crop.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/08\/Case-study-12-Yellow-nutsedge.pdf\">Yellow Nutsedge (pdf)<\/a>. Identification &amp; Management of Emerging Vegetable Problems in the Pacific Northwest, Pacific Northwest Vegetable Extension Group.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"Abiotic\">Abiotic Problems Common to Vegetables<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Airpollution\">Air pollution or ozone injury<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"collapse_bottom wsu-max-width--hero\"><b>Common name<\/b>: Air pollution or ozone injury<br><b>Cause<\/b>: During very hot conditions in summer, combined with the presence of excessive air particulate matter, e.g., from wildfires, symptoms of air pollution and\/or ozone injury have been observed in center-pivot irrigated crops of various vegetables east of the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest USA.<br><b>Host Crops<\/b>: Various vegetables such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/bean\/#AirPollution\">bean<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Airpollution\">potato<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/sweet-corn\/#Airpollution\">sweet corn<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/bean-pollution-injury-5l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-pollution-injury-5L.jpg\" alt=\"injured bean leaves by air pollution\" class=\"wp-image-603\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-pollution-injury-5L.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/bean-pollution-injury-5L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of air pollution and possible ozone injury in a bean crop.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/corn-ozone-injury-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Corn-ozone-injury-1L.jpg\" alt=\"injury to a sweet corn crop caused by air pollution\" class=\"wp-image-2832\" width=\"162\" height=\"218\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Possible symptoms of ozone or air pollution injury to a sweet corn crop.<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Carrie H. Wohleb, Washington State University Extension<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Blossom\">Blossom end rot of vegetable fruit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><b>Problem<\/b>:&nbsp;Blossom end rot of vegetable fruit<br><strong>Cause<\/strong>: Calcium deficiency resulting from various environmental conditions and management practices, e.g., inadequate Ca in the soil, inconsistent water as a result of alternating wet and dry periods that decrease Ca uptake by plants, and even excellent growing conditions such as a period of very bright sunshine and warm temperatures mid-season.<br><b>Crops affected<\/b>:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/tomato\/#Blossom\">Tomato<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/pepper\/#Blossom\">pepper<\/a>, eggplant, and various&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/cucurbits\/#Blossom\">cucurbits<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/tomato-blossom-end-rot-1l-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-blossom-end-rot-1L-1-396x261.jpg\" alt=\"blossom end rot stymptoms on tomato\" class=\"wp-image-2552\" width=\"198\" height=\"131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-blossom-end-rot-1L-1-396x261.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-blossom-end-rot-1L-1.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of blossom end rot on tomato fruit.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Krishna Mohan, University of Idaho<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/tomato-blossom-end-rot-2l-2\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-blossom-end-rot-2L-1.jpg\" alt=\"injured tomato fruit\" class=\"wp-image-2900\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-blossom-end-rot-2L-1.jpg 750w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-blossom-end-rot-2L-1-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of blossom end rot on tomato fruit.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Carol Miles, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-blossom-end-rot-2L.jpg\" alt=\"symptoms of blossom end rot on tomato fruit\" class=\"wp-image-2553\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-blossom-end-rot-2L.jpg 750w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-blossom-end-rot-2L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Blossom-end rot is a physiological disorder that first appears as a water-soaked, light brown spot on the distil end of the fruit. As the fruit matures, the spot becomes sunken, leathery, and brown to black. Secondary pathogens can infect the area, causing fruit rot. The disorder is more common on earliest maturing fruit. Blossom end rot is associated with a low concentration of calcium in developing fruit. In eastern Washington, this is often caused by excessive soil moisture fluctuations, drought stress, or excessive nitrogen fertilization. Soil surface mulches, appropriate irrigation timing and frequency, soil amendment with limestone, and foliar applications of calcium may reduce the incidence of this disorder.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Mike Bush, WSU Yakima Co. Extension Educator<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-blossom-end-rot-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-blossom-end-rot-1L-396x290.jpg\" alt=\"symptoms of blossom end rot on pepper\" class=\"wp-image-2551\" width=\"198\" height=\"145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-blossom-end-rot-1L-396x290.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pepper-blossom-end-rot-1L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Blossom-end rot is a physiological disorder that first appears as a water-soaked, light brown spot on the distil end of the fruit. As the fruit matures, the spot becomes sunken, leathery, and brown to black. Secondary pathogens can infect the area, causing fruit rot. The disorder is more common on earliest maturing fruit. Blossom end rot is associated with a low concentration of calcium in developing fruit. In eastern Washington, this is often caused by excessive soil moisture fluctuations, drought stress, or excessive nitrogen fertilization. Soil surface mulches, appropriate irrigation timing and frequency, soil amendment with limestone, and foliar applications of calcium may reduce the incidence of this disorder.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Mike Bush, WSU Yakima Co. Extension Educator<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Blossom-end-rot on Tomatoes. By M. Ophardt, 2013. WSU Extension Garden Tips.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/msue.anr.msu.edu\/news\/blossom_end_rot_understanding_a_perennial_problem?utm_source=Vegetable+-+MSU+Extension+News+-+11-8-13&amp;utm_campaign=Vegetables+11-8-13&amp;utm_medium=email\">Blossom end rot: Understanding a perennial problem<\/a>. Michigan State University Extension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ohioline.osu.edu\/hyg-fact\/3000\/3117.html\">Blossom-End Rot of Tomato, Pepper, and Eggplant<\/a>. By Miller, S.A., R. C. Rowe, and R. M. Riedel, The Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet HYG-3117-96.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ir.library.oregonstate.edu\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/1957\/16949\/fs139.pdf\">Blossom-end Rot of Tomatoes (pdf)<\/a>. Oregon State University Extension Service Bulletin FS 139. By I.C. MacSwan, 2000. Oregon State University Extension Service Bulletin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/tomato-blossom-end-rot\/\">Vegetables: Tomato: Blossom-end Rot<\/a>. Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Edema\">Edema<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><b>Problem<\/b>:&nbsp;Edema<br><strong>A physiological problem&nbsp;<\/strong>that is prominent when air is cooler than the soil, soil moisture is high, and relative humidity is high. The low plant transpiration rate combined with an increase in water absorption by roots from the soil leads to increased cell turgor pressure, resulting in eruption of epidermal cells as the inner cells enlarge. Protrusion of the inner cells causes epidermal cells to die and discolor, resulting in a \u2019warty\u2019 appearance that can be misidentified as a disease. Symptoms are usually worse on lower leaf vs. upper leaf surfaces.<br><strong>Host Crops:<\/strong>&nbsp;Numerous vegetables including brassicas, cucurbits,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/pea\/#Edema\">peas<\/a>, spinach, tomato, etc. Vegetables with waxy leaves, e.g., brassicas, tend to be most susceptible.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/spinach-edema-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-edema-1L-396x502.jpg\" alt=\"Edema on Spinach\" class=\"wp-image-2790\" width=\"160\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-edema-1L-396x502.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-edema-1L.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of edema on the lower surface of spinach leaves, showing burst and calloused epidermal cells.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Pop Vriend Seed Co., Holland\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/spinach-edema-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-edema-2L-396x566.jpg\" alt=\"Edema symptoms on Spinachleaf bottom\" class=\"wp-image-2791\" width=\"147\" height=\"203\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of edema on the lower surface of spinach leaves, showing burst and calloused epidermal cells.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Pop Vriend Seed Co., Holland\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/spinach-edema-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-edema-3L-396x405.jpg\" alt=\"Edema symptoms on Spinach leaves\" class=\"wp-image-2792\" width=\"198\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-edema-3L-396x405.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Spinach-edema-3L.jpg 1545w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of edema on the lower surface of spinach leaves, showing burst and calloused epidermal cells.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Pop Vriend Seed Co., Holland\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/cabbage-meteorite-disease-073012\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Cabbage-Meteorite-disease-073012.jpg\" alt=\"Edema on spinach\" class=\"wp-image-1003\" width=\"278\" height=\"203\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms of edema on the lower (abaxial) surface of a cabbage leaf, including calloused\/warty protruberances from bursting of epidermal cells.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pumpkin-edema-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pumpkin-edema-1L.jpg\" alt=\"edema symptoms on pumpkin-1\" class=\"wp-image-1301\" width=\"198\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pumpkin-edema-1L.jpg 638w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pumpkin-edema-1L-396x528.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Severe wart-like growths on a pumpkin caused by edema.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pumpkin-edema-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pumpkin-edema-2L-396x223.jpg\" alt=\"edema symptoms on pumpkin-2\" class=\"wp-image-1302\" width=\"198\" height=\"112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pumpkin-edema-2L-396x223.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/pumpkin-edema-2L.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Close-up view of severe edema symptoms on a pumpkin.<br><strong>Photo Source:\n<\/strong>Phil Hamm, Oregon State University.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/winter-squash-oedema-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/winter-squash-oedema-1L.jpg\" alt=\"edema symptoms on squash-1\" class=\"wp-image-1303\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/winter-squash-oedema-1L.jpg 850w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/winter-squash-oedema-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Small but extensive symptoms of edema on a winter squash.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/winter-squash-oedema-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/winter-squash-oedema-2L.jpg\" alt=\"edema symptoms on squash-2\" class=\"wp-image-1304\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/winter-squash-oedema-2L.jpg 850w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/winter-squash-oedema-2L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Close-up view of edema symptoms on the surface of a winter squash.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/cabbage-cauliflower-brassica-sp-oedema-edema\">Cabbage and Cauliflower Brassica SP Oedema-Edema<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/extension.umass.edu\/floriculture\/fact-sheets\/edema-spring-crops\">Cabbage and Cauliflower Brassica SP Oedema-Edema<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Edema Spring Crops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/msue.anr.msu.edu\/news\/what_are_these_bumps_on_my_vegetables\">What are these bumps on my vegetables?<\/a> Edema or oedema: It doesn\u2019t matter how you spell it, it still doesn\u2019t look good. What is it, what causes it and how can I prevent it? Michigan State University Extension.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Gen\">General nutrient deficiencies and toxicities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"collapse_bottom\"><b>Problem<\/b>:&nbsp;General nutrient deficiencies and toxicities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/08\/Plant-Nutrient-Functions-and-Deficiency-and-Toxicity-Symptoms-MSU-2013.pdf\">Plant Nutrient Functions and Deficiency and Toxicity Symptoms (pdf)<\/a>. By Ann McCauley, Montana State University Extension. This article provides information on nutrient management issues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Vivipary\">Vivipary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Problem<\/b>:&nbsp;Vivipary (germination of seeds while still attached to the mother plant)<br><b>Crops affected<\/b>: Solanaceaous vegetables like <a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/tomato\/#Vivipary\">tomato<\/a> and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/pepper\/#Vivipary\">pepper<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/tomato-vivipary-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-vivipary-1L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"symptoms of vivipary of tomato\" class=\"wp-image-2554\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-vivipary-1L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/tomato-vivipary-1L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This atypical tomato developed a dark discoloration just under the skin of the ripe fruit. When cut open, seeds within the tomato fruit were germinating. This physiological disorder is known as vivipary, where the seeds germinate while still in the fruit. It is suspected to be caused by plant stress such as drought, water stress, or potassium deficiency within the fruit. The fruit are still edible.<br><strong>\nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Michael Bush, Washington State University Extension, Yakima, WA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.ashs.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jashs\/123\/5\/article-p925.pdf\">Effect of potassium nutrition during bell pepper seed development on vivipary and endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA). (pdf)<\/a>. By Marrush, M., M. Yamaguchi and M. E. Saltveit. 1998. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123(5):925\u2013930.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uky.edu\/Ag\/IPM\/ipmveg\/solanaceousother\/pg_5.pdf\">Physiological and Nutrient Disorders (pdf)<\/a>. University of Kentucky Vegetable Integrated Pest Management Program. Vegetable Manuals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"splitting\">Stem splitting in brassica crops<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><b>Problem<\/b>:&nbsp;Stem splitting in brassica crops<br><b>Crops affected<\/b>: Any brassica crop grown for seed can develop stem splitting under conditions that promote very rapid spring growth (high soil moisture and warm temperatures).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/canola-stem-splitting-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-1L-396x591.jpg\" alt=\"canola crop stem splitting\" class=\"wp-image-1012\" width=\"198\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-1L-396x591.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-1L.jpg 469w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stem splitting in a winter canola crop in central Washington in spring (early May) resulting from very rapid growth under conditions of high soil moisture and sudden warm spring temperatures, following a supplementary nitrogen fertilizer application.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Karen Sowers, Washington State University Dept. of Crop &amp; Soil Sciences<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/canola-stem-splitting-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-2L.jpg\" alt=\"stem splitting in a canola crop\" class=\"wp-image-1013\" width=\"198\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-2L.jpg 525w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-2L-396x528.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stem splitting in a winter canola crop in central Washington in spring (early May) resulting from very rapid growth under conditions of high soil moisture and sudden warm spring temperatures, following a supplementary nitrogen fertilizer application.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Karen Sowers, Washington State University Dept. of Crop &amp; Soil Sciences<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/canola-stem-splitting-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-3L.jpg\" alt=\"rapid growth in canola stem splitting\" class=\"wp-image-1014\" width=\"198\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-3L.jpg 525w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-3L-396x528.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stem splitting in a winter canola crop in central Washington in spring (early May) resulting from very rapid growth under conditions of high soil moisture and sudden warm spring temperatures, following a supplementary nitrogen fertilizer application.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Karen Sowers, Washington State University Dept. of Crop &amp; Soil Sciences<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/canola-stem-splitting-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-4L-396x265.jpg\" alt=\"canola stem splitting in washington\" class=\"wp-image-1015\" width=\"198\" height=\"133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-4L-396x265.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/canola-stem-splitting-4L.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stem splitting in a winter canola crop in central Washington in spring (early May) resulting from very rapid growth under conditions of high soil moisture and sudden warm spring temperatures, following a supplementary nitrogen fertilizer application.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Karen Sowers, Washington State University Dept. of Crop &amp; Soil Sciences<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Herbicide\">Herbicide Injury<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Problem<\/strong>: Herbicide injury to vegetables<br><strong>Cause<\/strong>:<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Various kinds of herbicides can cause injury to different types of vegetable crops depending on the mode of action, use pattern, timing of application, rate of application, crop rotation, etc. Always follow label instructions to avoid herbicide injury to crops.<br><strong>Crops affected:&nbsp;<\/strong>All vegetables are prone to some kind of herbicide injury if the herbicide products are not used according to label instructions or vegetable crops are not planted in accordance with label herbicide instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/06\/Hcide-modes-of-action-and-symptoms-on-plants-R-Smith-UCCE.pdf\">Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms on Plants (pdf)<\/a>, Richard Smith, Farm Advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/herbicidesymptoms.ipm.ucanr.edu\/HerbicideDamage\/\">Herbicide-related injury to plant species<\/a>, including vegetables (~1100 images), University of California Statewide IPM Program.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/06\/herbicide_mode_of_action_and_injury_symptoms-Gunsolus_and_Curran_1999.pdf\">Herbicide Mode of Action and Injury Symptoms (pdf)<\/a>, University of Minnesota Extension Service.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Aminopyralid\">Aminopyralid toxicity to vegetables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Problem<\/b>: Aminopyralid toxicity to vegetables from pre-plant compost application.<br><b>Crops affected<\/b>: bean, pea, pepper, tomato, spinach, etc. (almost any dicotyledonous plants).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/pepper-aminopyralid-toxicity-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Pepper-aminopyralid-toxicity-1L-396x319.jpg\" alt=\"aminopyralid toxicity of pepper\" class=\"wp-image-2977\" width=\"198\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Pepper-aminopyralid-toxicity-1L-396x319.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Pepper-aminopyralid-toxicity-1L.jpg 492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Aminopyralid toxicity to pepper.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/whatcom.wsu.edu\/ag\/aminopyralid\/\">Aminopyralid <\/a>Residues in Compost and other Organic Amendments. Washington State University Whatcom County Extension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.whatcom.wsu.edu\/ag\/aminopyralid\/Factsheet2010.pdf\">Herbicides in Compost (pdf)<\/a>, Washington State Department of Agriculture<br>Pesticide Management Division (PDF, 2010).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.omri.org\/news\/85806\/compost-issue-update\">The Allowance of Green Waste in Organic Production Systems<\/a>. Organic Materials Review Institute.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"injury\">2, 4-D herbicide injury<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Problem<\/b>:&nbsp;2,4-D herbicide injury<br><b>Crops affected<\/b>: Most vegetables are susceptible to 2,4-D injury<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/cucurbit-2-4-d-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Cucurbit-2-4-D-1L.jpg\" alt=\"cucurbit injury\" class=\"wp-image-2979\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Cucurbit-2-4-D-1L.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Cucurbit-2-4-D-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">2,4-D injury on cucurbit.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Jenny Glass, WSU Puyallup PIDL<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/tomato-2-4-d-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-2-4-D-1L.jpg\" alt=\"tomato injury\" class=\"wp-image-2980\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-2-4-D-1L.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/Tomato-2-4-D-1L-396x297.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">2,4-D injury on tomato.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Jenny Glass, WSU Puyallup PIDL<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.extension.illinois.edu\/vegguide\/problem_injury.cfm\">Injury from 2,4-D<\/a>. University of Illinois Extension Extension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.extension.purdue.edu\/extmedia\/ws\/ws-23-w.pdf\">Herbicide Mode-Of-Action Summary (pdf)<\/a>. Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University. See section I.A.1. Auxin Growth Regulators.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/herbicide-damage-24-d-and-triclopyr\/\">Herbicide Damage: 2,4-D and triclopyr<\/a>. Hortsense, Washington State University. Click on Herbicide Damage, 2,4-D and triclopyr.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/planttalk.colostate.edu\/topics\/insects-diseases\/1400-18-vegetable-herbicide-damage\/\">Vegetable Herbicide Damage<\/a>. Colorado State University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uky.edu\/Ag\/Horticulture\/masabni\/HerbSympt-vegetables\/2,4-D.htm\">2,4-D Amine 4L injury symptoms on vegetables<\/a>. University of Kentucky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-callout  wsu-border--add-top\" >\r\n        \n<div class=\"wsu-note\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wsu-note__title\">\n\t\t\tPDF Accessibility\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">If you need the content provided on this site in an alternate format or for further information on the Vegetable Seed Pathology program, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">please contact:&nbsp;<strong>Lindsey du Toit at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:dutoit@wsu.edu\">dutoit@wsu.edu<\/a>&nbsp;or at 360-848-6140<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<section  class=\"wsu-section wsu-width--full\"  >\r\n    <div class=\"wsu-section__inner wsu-width--content\">    \n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero wsu-spacing-after--none wsu-spacing-bottom--none wsu-spacing-before--default\">Our pages provide links to external sites for the convenience of users. WSU Extension does not manage these external sites, nor does Extension review, control, or take responsibility for the content of these sites. These external sites do not implicitly or explicitly represent official positions and policies of WSU Extension.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div><\/section>\n        <div id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" hidden aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <a id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top-btn\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__btn\" href=\"#product-top\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__label\">Back to top<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        <div id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" hidden aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <a id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top-btn\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__btn\" href=\"#product-top\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__label\">Back to top<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[action label=&quot;Insect\/Mite Pests&quot; link=&quot;https:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/diseases-pests-and-other-problems-common-to-many-vegetables\/#Insect\/Mite Pests&quot; style=&quot;in-page-action&quot; ]Diseases[action label=&quot;Herbicide Injury&quot; link=&quot;https:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/diseases-pests-and-other-problems-common-to-many-vegetables\/#Herbicide Injury&quot; style=&quot;in-page-action&quot; ]Clubroot of brassica vegetables Damping-off\/Seedling blightNematodes Root knot Insect\/Mite PestsVerticillium wilt White moldAphids Blister beetle Broad mites Brown marmorated stink bugFlea beetle Lygus&amp;hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration_date":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=197"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8336,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197\/revisions\/8336"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}