{"id":163,"date":"2021-06-13T17:58:41","date_gmt":"2021-06-14T00:58:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/?page_id=163"},"modified":"2024-10-20T23:00:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T06:00:11","slug":"lettuce","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/lettuce\/","title":{"rendered":"Lettuce"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wsu-row  wsu-color-background--gray-5 wsu-row--thirds\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wsu-cta \" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"#General\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tGeneral Lettuce Disease Management\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wsu-cta  wsu-cta--width-inline\" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"#Diseases\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tDiseases\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wsu-cta  wsu-cta--width-inline\" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"#InsectMitePests\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tInsect\/Mite Pests\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"home\">Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--thirds\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Anthracnose\">Anthracnose<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Downymildew\">Downy mildew<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#WhiteMold\">White mold, lettuce drop, or Sclerotinia rot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\">Insect\/Mite Pests<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Wireworm\">Wireworm<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--single\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(Click on photo to enlarge)<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"General\">General Lettuce Disease Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">Common diseases of Lettuce, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Australia. Includes photos of disease symptoms on lettuce.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"Diseases\">Diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Anthracnose\">Anthracnose<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disease<\/strong>:&nbsp;Anthracnose<br><strong>Pathogen<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>Microdochium panattonianum<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg14l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg14L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"Anthracnose on lettuce-1\" class=\"wp-image-1518\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg14L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg14L.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>D.A. Inglis<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg15l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg15L-e1627599612381-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"Anthracnose on lettuce-2\" class=\"wp-image-1519\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg15L-e1627599612381-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg15L-e1627599612381.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>D.A. Inglis<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg16l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg16L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"Anthracnose on lettuce-3\" class=\"wp-image-1520\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg16L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg16L.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>D.A. Inglis<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/dg17l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg17L-396x264.jpg\" alt=\"Anthracnose on lettuce-4\" class=\"wp-image-1521\" width=\"198\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg17L-396x264.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/dg17L.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>D.A. Inglis<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/lettuce-lactuca-sativa-anthracnose\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) \u2013 Anthracnose<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/fact-sheet\/lettuce-anthracnose\/\">Lettuce: Anthracnose<\/a>, Washington State University Hortsense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Downymildew\">Downy mildew<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disease<\/strong>:&nbsp;Downy mildew<br><strong>Pathogen<\/strong>:&nbsp;<i>Bremia lactucae<\/i><br><b>Host crops<\/b>: Lettuce and spinach<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-downy-mildew-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-1L-396x528.jpg\" alt=\"severe symptoms of downy mildew on lettuce\" class=\"wp-image-1525\" width=\"198\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-1L-396x528.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-1L.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Severe symptoms of lettuce downy mildew.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-downy-mildew-2l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-2L-396x528.jpg\" alt=\"downy mildew on lettuce\" class=\"wp-image-1526\" width=\"198\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-2L-396x528.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-2L.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-downy-mildew-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-3L-396x528.jpg\" alt=\"sporulation of\u00a0Bremia lactucae on the lower lettuce leaf surface\" class=\"wp-image-1527\" width=\"198\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-3L-396x528.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-3L.jpg 563w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sporulation of <i>Bremia lactucae<\/i> on the lower leaf surface.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-downy-mildew-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-4L-396x294.jpg\" alt=\"Sporangiophores and sporangia of Bremia lactucae\" class=\"wp-image-1528\" width=\"198\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-4L-396x294.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-downy-mildew-4L.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sporangiophores and sporangia of <i>Bremia lactucae.<\/i><br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Online Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/lettuce-lactuca-sativa-downy-mildew\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa<\/i>) \u2013 Downy Mildew<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ipm.ucanr.edu\/agriculture\/lettuce\/\">Lettuce: Downy Mildew<\/a>. UC Pest Management Guidelines. UC IPM Online, University of California.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/ipm.ucanr.edu\/DISEASE\/DATABASE\/lettucedowny.html\">Models: Diseases: Lettuce: Downy Mildew<\/a>. UC IPM Online, University of California.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"WhiteMold\">White mold, lettuce drop, or Sclerotinia rot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disease<\/strong>:&nbsp;White Mold, lettuce drop, or Sclerotinia rot<br><strong>Pathogens<\/strong>:&nbsp;<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<\/i><br><b>Host crops<\/b>:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/bean\/#WhiteMold\">Bean<\/a>, various brassica vegetables,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/carrot\/#Whitemold\">carrot<\/a>, eggplant, lettuce,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/potato\/#Whitemold\">potato<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/tomato\/#Whitemold\">tomato<\/a>, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-white-mold-7l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-7L-e1627602086705-396x265.jpg\" alt=\"aerial infection of lettuce from ascospores released by the apothecia\" class=\"wp-image-1535\" width=\"198\" height=\"133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-7L-e1627602086705-396x265.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-7L-e1627602086705.jpg 532w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms resulting from basal infection of the stem from<i> Sclerotinia<\/i> inoculum in the soil.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-white-mold-8l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"396\" height=\"349\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-8L-e1627602120805-396x349.jpg\" alt=\"white mold symptoms on lettuce-1\" class=\"wp-image-1536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-8L-e1627602120805-396x349.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-8L-e1627602120805.jpg 404w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Symptoms resulting from basal infection of the stem from<i> Sclerotinia<\/i> inoculum in the soil.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Lindsey du Toit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-white-mold-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-1L-396x297.jpg\" alt=\"white mold symptoms on lettuce-2\" class=\"wp-image-1530\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-1L-396x297.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-1L.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Aerial infection of lettuce from ascospores released by the apothecia.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong> Bo-Ming Wu  <br>         <br><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-white-mold-3l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-3L-396x297.jpg\" alt=\"aerial infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum\" class=\"wp-image-1531\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-3L-396x297.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-3L.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Aerial infection of lettuce from ascospores released by the apothecia.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Bo-Ming Wu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-white-mold-5l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-5L-e1674164453937-396x594.jpg\" alt=\"Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen-1\" class=\"wp-image-1533\" width=\"198\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-5L-e1674164453937-396x594.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-5L-e1674164453937.jpg 533w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<\/i> asci and ascospores.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Bo-Ming Wu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-white-mold-6l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-6L-396x297.jpg\" alt=\"Sclerotinia sclerotiorum spore release\" class=\"wp-image-1534\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-6L-396x297.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-6L.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<\/i> spore release from ascospores on the surface of infested soil.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Bo-Ming Wu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-white-mold-4l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-4L-396x297.jpg\" alt=\"Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen-2\" class=\"wp-image-1532\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-4L-396x297.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-white-mold-4L.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><i>clerotinia sclerotiorum<\/i> sclerotium with three apothecia.<br><strong>Photo Source: <\/strong>Bo-Ming Wu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Line Resources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/plantdisease\/host-disease\/lettuce-lactuca-sativa-drop-sclerotinia-rot\">Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa<\/i>) \u2013 Drop {Sclerotinia Rot}<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ipm.ucanr.edu\/agriculture\/lettuce\/lettuce-drop\/\">UC Pest Management Guidelines: Lettuce: Lettuce Drop<\/a>. UC IPM Online. University of California.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diseases of lettuce (&nbsp;<i>Lactuca sativa<\/i>&nbsp;) in Arizona: Leaf drop. Extension Plant Pathology, The University of Arizona.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cals.arizona.edu\/crops\/counties\/yuma\/farmnotes\/2003\/fn1103sclerotinia.html\">Evaluation of Products to Manage Sclerotinia Leaf Drop of Lettuce in 2003<\/a>. The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu\/PhotoPages\/Impt_Diseases\/Lettuce\/Lettuce_Drop.htm\">Important New York Vegetable Diseases: LETTUCE: Drop (<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<\/i>)<\/a>. Vegetable MD Online, Cornell University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/diseases-pests-and-other-problems-common-to-many-vegetables\/#Whitemold\">Diseases, pests, and other problems common to many vegetables: White mold<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-centered\" id=\"InsectMitePests\">Insect\/Mite Pests<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading  wsu-heading--style-marked wsu-heading--mark-color-vineyard\" id=\"Wireworm\">Wireworm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\"><strong>Common name (of damaging stage):<\/strong>&nbsp;Wireworm (adults are called click beetles or snapping beetles)<br><strong>Latin binomial:<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>Ctenicera<\/em>&nbsp;spp. and&nbsp;<em>Limonius<\/em>&nbsp;spp. Several kinds of wireworms are in the Pacific Northwest. Wireworms causing the most damage in irrigated areas are the Pacific Coast wireworm (<em>Limonius canus<\/em>), the sugar beet wireworm (<em>L. californicus<\/em>), the western field wireworm (<em>L. infuscatus<\/em>), and the Columbia Basin wireworm (<em>L. subauratus<\/em>). The Pacific Coast and sugar beet wireworms are the most common. Where annual rainfall is &lt;15 inches, the Great Basin wireworm (<em>Ctenicera pruinina<\/em>) may be a problem, especially when irrigated crops are grown on sagebrush or dry wheat land. This species usually disappears after a few years of irrigation, but may be replaced by&nbsp;<em>Limonius<\/em>&nbsp;spp. which are favored by moist conditions. West of the Cascades, other wireworm species are pests, including&nbsp;<em>Agriotes<\/em>&nbsp;spp.<br><strong>Host crops:<\/strong>&nbsp;All crops are susceptible to wireworm, but this pest is most destructive on beans, carrot, corn, grain, onion, potatoes, spinach seed crops, and other annual crops in the PNW.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--quarters\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/lettuce-wireworm-1l\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-wireworm-1L-396x297.jpg\" alt=\"Damage to Romawireworms damage to lettuce\" class=\"wp-image-1543\" width=\"198\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-wireworm-1L-396x297.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/extension\/uploads\/sites\/31\/lettuce-wireworm-1L.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Damage to Romaine lettuce caused by wireworms.<br><strong>\t \nPhoto Source: <\/strong>Photo courtesy of Rachel Bomberger, Washington State University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Online Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pnwhandbooks.org\/insect\/vegetable\/vegetable-pests\/common-vegetable\/vegetable-crop-wireworm\">Pacific NorthwestInsect Management Handbook: Vegetable crop pests \u2013 Wireworm<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.omafra.gov.on.ca\/english\/crops\/facts\/00-047.htm\">Managing Wireworms in Vegetable Crops<\/a>. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vegedge.umn.edu\/insect-pest-profiles\/wireworms\">Wireworms<\/a>. VegEdge, University of Minnesota.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2723\/2021\/07\/wireworm_syngenta_booklet_2010_web-1.pdf\">Wireworm Field Guide (pdf)<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; A guide to the identification and control of wireworms, Syngenta Crop Protection Canada, Inc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.extension.wsu.edu\/wireworm-biology-and-nonchemical-management-in-potatoes-in-the-pacific-northwest\">Wireworm Biology and Nonchemical Management in Potatoes in the Pacific Northwest<\/a>, N. Andrews, M. Ambrosino, G. Fisher, and S.I. Rondon, Pacific Northwest Extension Publication no. PNW607<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/diseases-pests-and-other-problems-common-to-many-vegetables\/#Wireworm\">Diseases, pests, and other problems common to many vegetables: Wireworm<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"#home\">Return to the Top<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-callout  wsu-border--add-top\" >\r\n        \n<div class=\"wsu-note\">\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wsu-note__title\">\n\t\t\tPDF Accessibility\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">If you need the content provided on this site in an alternate format or for further information on the Vegetable Seed Pathology program, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero\">please contact:&nbsp;<strong>Lindsey du Toit at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:dutoit@wsu.edu\">dutoit@wsu.edu<\/a>&nbsp;or at 360-848-6140<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n        <div id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" hidden aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <a id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top-btn\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__btn\" href=\"#product-top\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__label\">Back to top<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n<section  class=\"wsu-section wsu-width--full\"  >\r\n    <div class=\"wsu-section__inner wsu-width--content\">    \n\n<p class=\"wsu-max-width--hero wsu-spacing-after--none wsu-spacing-bottom--none wsu-spacing-before--default\">Our pages provide links to external sites for the convenience of users. WSU Extension does not manage these external sites, nor does Extension review, control, or take responsibility for the content of these sites. These external sites do not implicitly or explicitly represent official positions and policies of WSU Extension.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div><\/section>\n        <div id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" hidden aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <a id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top-btn\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__btn\" href=\"#product-top\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__label\">Back to top<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n        <div id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top\" hidden aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <a id=\"cahnrs-back-to-top-btn\" class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__btn\" href=\"#product-top\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\n                <span class=\"cahnrs-back-to-top__label\">Back to top<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[action label=&quot;Insect\/Mite Pests&quot; link=&quot;https:\/\/stage.web.wsu.edu\/path-team\/photo-gallery-of-vegetable-problems\/lettuce\/#Insect\/Mite Pests&quot; style=&quot;in-page-action&quot; ]Diseases Anthracnose Downy mildew White Mold, lettuce drop, or Sclerotinia rot Insect\/Mite Pests Wireworm (Click on photo to enlarge) General Lettuce Disease Management Common Diseases of Lettuce, New South&amp;hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration_date":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/163"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=163"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/163\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8232,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/163\/revisions\/8232"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=163"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=163"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mtvernon.wsu.edu\/path_team\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}