Diseases |
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Bacterial stalk rot | Common smut | High plains disease | |
Insect/Mite Pests |
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Bird cherry-oat aphid | Wireworm |
(Click on photo to enlarge)
Diseases
Disease: Bacterial stalk rot
Pathogen: Erwinia species
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Photo Source: G.Q. Pelter |
Online Resources:
Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Corn (Zea mays) – Bacterial Stalk Rot
Corn: Root, stalk, and ear rots, Washington State University Hortsense
Common Name: Common rust
Pathogen: Puccinia sorghi
Common Rust of Corn, (Video Presentation), Plant Management Network International
Differentiating Common Rust and Southern Rust of Corn, (Video Presentation), Plant Management Network International
Common Name: Common smut
Latin binomial: Ustilago maydis (= Ustilago zeae)
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Photos of common smut of corn. | |||
Photo Source: Karen Ward, Washington State University Plant Diagnostician | Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University | Photo Source:Silvia Rondon, Oregon State University |
Online Resources:
Corn Smuts. Oregon State University, University of Idaho, Washington State University.
Common smut of corn (Syn. boil smut, blister smut). APSnet.
Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Corn (Zea mays) – Common Smut
Common Smut (Boil Smut), UC IPM Online, University of California
Common Name: Head smut
Latin binomial: Sphacelotheca reiliana (Sorosporium reilianum = Ustilago reiliana)
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Photo Source: Jerald Pataky, Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |
Online Resources:
Corn Smuts. Oregon State University, University of Idaho, Washington State University.
Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Corn (Zea mays) – Head Smut
Common Name: High plains disease
Latin binomial: High plains virus (HPV)
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Photo Source: Carrie H. Wohleb | Photo Source: Gary Q. Pelter | Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit |
Online Resources:
High Plains Disease Caused by the High Plains Virus. Pacific Northwest Vegetable Extension Group August 2003 Newsletter.
Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: High Plains Disease
Common Name: Southern rust
Pathogen: Puccinia polysora
Southern Rust of Corn, (Video Presentation), Plant Management Network International
Differentiating Common Rust and Southern Rust of Corn, (Video Presentation), Plant Management Network International
Insect/Mite Pests
Common Name: Bird cherry-oat aphid
Latin binomial: Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)
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Live aphids, mummified/parasitized aphids, and shed aphid skins. | |
Photo Source: Photographer – Johnny Stark Submitted by Jenny Glass |
Online Resources:
Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook. Chapter: Vegetables, Section: Corn, Sweet (aphids to armyworm).
Common name: Corn earworm
Latin binomial: Helicoverpa zea
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Corn earworm larvae feeding in an ear of sweet corn. | |
Photo Source: Oregon State University HAREC-IAEP (Silvia Rondon’s lab) |
Online Resources:
Corn earworm. Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook
Corn earworm. Integrated Peat Management, University of Illinois Extension.
Corn earworm. UC Pest Management Guidelines, Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program, University of California.
Common Name: Western corn rootworm
Latin binomial: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
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Photo Source: Oregon State University HAREC-IAEP (Silvia Rondon’s lab) |
Online Resources:
Corn rootworm (larvae). Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook.
Plant Management Network “Focus on Corn” Webinars:
Adult Corn Rootworm Suppression – Lance J. Meinke, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Decision Tree for Grower Management Options: Re-Learning Corn Rootworm Management in the Transgenic Era – Ken Ostlie, University of Minnesota
Larval Corn Rootworm Management – Robert Wright, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Resistance Evolution and IRM for Rootworm – Aaron Gassmann, Iowa State University
Rootworm Biology and Behavior – Joseph L. Spencer, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Western corn rootworm in eastern Oregon, Idaho, and eastern Washington. In the Pacific Northwest, western corn rootworm has been found in corn crops in eastern Oregon, Idaho, and eastern Washington. Though it is not as abundant in the PNW as it is in the Midwest, WCR still has the potential to damage corn in the region.
Common name (of damaging stage): Wireworm (adults are called click beetles or snapping beetles)
Latin binomial: Ctenicera spp. and Limonius spp. Several kinds of wireworms are in the Pacific Northwest. Wireworms causing the most damage in irrigated areas are the Pacific Coast wireworm (Limonius canus), the sugar beet wireworm (L. californicus), the western field wireworm (L. infuscatus), and the Columbia Basin wireworm (L. subauratus). The Pacific Coast and sugar beet wireworms are the most common. Where annual rainfall is <15 inches, the Great Basin wireworm (Ctenicera pruinina) may be a problem, especially when irrigated crops are grown on sagebrush or dry wheat land. This species usually disappears after a few years of irrigation, but may be replaced by Limonius spp. which are favored by moist conditions. West of the Cascades, other wireworm species are pests, including Agriotes spp.
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Photo Source: Tim Waters, WSU Extension Educator | Photo Source: Gary Pelter, WSU Extension Educator Emeritus | Photo Source: Tim Waters, WSU Extension Educator |
Photo Source:Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University |
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Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University | Photo Source: Doug Young, Professor Emeritus of Washington State University | Photo Source: Oregon State University-Irrigated Agricultural Entomology Program (Silvia Rondon’s lab). |
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Photo Source: Oregon State University – Oregon State Arthropod Collection. |
Online Resources:
Pacific NorthwestInsect Management Handbook: Vegetable crop pests – Wireworm.
Managing Wireworms in Vegetable Crops. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Wireworms. VegEdge, University of Minnesota.
Wireworms & Click Beetles. Washington State University.
Wireworm Field Guide – A guide to the identification and control of wireworms, Syngenta Crop Protection Canada, Inc.
Wireworm Biology and Nonchemical Management in Potatoes in the Pacific Northwest, N. Andrews, M. Ambrosino, G. Fisher, and S.I. Rondon, Pacific Northwest Extension Publication no. PNW607