Photo Gallery of Vegetable Problems – Bean | Mount Vernon NWREC

Diseases
Alfalfa mosaic Anthracnose Bean common mosaic Common bacterial blight	Curly top Fusarium root rot Gray mold	Halo blight Pythium root rot White mold
Insect/Mite Pests
Seedcorn maggot Spider mites	Wireworm
Abiotic Problems on Bean
Crumpled leaf

(Click on photo to enlarge)

Diseases

For those of you who work with bean crops of any kind (oilseed, cover, processing, fresh market, seed, forage, etc.), here is important and time-sensitive information from Victor Shaul of the WSDA Seed Program on proposed amendments to bean seed quarantine rules in WA.

Victor Shaul: “First off thank all of you that provided input and took your time coming to meetings on this important topic.

“The public hearing for the changes to the Bean Seed Quarantine was held on July 7th. Those in attendance were in favor of the proposed changes to the quarantine. The effective date of these changes is August 21, 2015.
“To re-cap the changes to the quarantine are:

Bean seed fields under sprinkler irrigation will require three inspections with the option of laboratory testing for halo blight in lieu of the first inspection.
The elimination of the Notice of Intent quarantine reporting form. This will be replaced with the requirement to attach proof of quarantine compliance with every phytosanitary or certified field inspection application.

“As previously discussed these changes come too late for this season, but I am really pleased at the number of field inspection applications that were submitted for this season that proactively implemented these methodologies.

“These changes will necessitate new application and inspection forms, so that will be an internal winter project and you will be provided with new applications to use at that time.”

Please provide feedback or recommendations to:
Victor Shaul, WSDA Seed Program Manager
vshaul@agr.wa.gov

Further Info:
Proposed Bean Seed Quarantine Rule Amendments

Disease: Alfalfa mosaic
Pathogen: Alfalfa mosaic virus

Photo Source: G.Q. Pelter

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, All (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Bean Common Mosaic, Oregon State University

Disease: Anthracnose
Pathogen: Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Photo Source: Krishna Mohan, University of Idaho

Photo Source: Krishna Mohan, University of Idaho

Photo Source: Krishna Mohan, University of Idaho	Photo Source: Karen Ward, WSU Pullman Plant Diagnostician Photo Source: Karen Ward, WSU Pullman Plant Diagnostician		Bean anthracnose lesions on the abaxial surface of a bean leaf. Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University Severe bean anthracnose symptoms associated with seedborne infection and transmission. Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University
Photo Source: Krishna Mohan, University of Idaho	Photo Source: Karen Ward, WSU Pullman Plant Diagnostician		Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University

On-Line Resources:

Vegetable MD Online: Bean Anthracnose, Cornell University

Disease: Bean common mosaic
Pathogen: Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV)

Photo of symptoms of bean common mosaic virus on bean leaves. Photo Source: Krishna Mohan, University of Idaho	Severe stunting and leaf cupping associated with seedborne BCMV. Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University Leaf cupping as well as banded light and dark green areas on a bean leaf infected with BCMV. Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University
Photo Source: Krishna Mohan, University of Idaho	Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University

Online Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, All (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Bean Common Mosaic

Disease: Common bacterial blight
Pathogen: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli
Host crops: Edible beans crops and bean seed crops (including snap beans, lima beans, and dry beans)

Common bacterial blight on pods. Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University Mature common bacterial blight lesions. Photo Source: Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University Water-soaked lesions of common bacterial blight. Photo Source: Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University
Photo Source: Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University

On-Line Resources:

Common Bacterial Blight and Halo Blight: Two Bacterial Diseases of Phytosanitary Significance for Bean Crops in Washington State, Washington State University Extension Fact Sheet

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, All (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Common Bacterial Blight {Common Blight}

Disease: Curly top
Pathogen: Beet curly top virus (BCTV), vectored by the beet leafhopper Circulifer tenellus
Host crops: Numerous plant species including many vegetables such as bean, beet, carrot,eggplant, coriander, pepper, potato, tomato, various cucurbits such as squash, cucumber,pumpkin, watermelon, etc.


Photo Source: Phil Hamm	Photo Source: Lindsey J. du Toit			Photo Source: Krishna Mohan, University of Idaho

Disease: Fusarium root rotOn-Line Resources:Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, All (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Curly Top

Curly Top Disease of Tomato, Plant Management Network International.

Pathogen: Fusarium solani

Photo Source: G.Q. Pelter

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, Snap (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Fusarium Root Rot

Bean: Fusarium root rot, Washington State University Hortsense

Disease: Gray mold
Pathogen: Botrytis cinerea

Gray mold on Hercules garden beans. Note the watersoaked lesion on one bean pod, and brown-gray sporulation of Botrytis cinerea on a severely symptomatic bean pod.

Photo Source: Carrie H. Wohleb

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, Snap (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Gray Mold

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, Lima Phaseolus lunatas – Gray Mold

Disease: Halo blight
Pathogen: Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola

	Halo blight symptoms on a bean leaf. Severe foliar symptoms of halo blight. Reddish-brown lesions and yellow halos on bean leaves infected with halo blight. Water-soaked lesion on the underside of a bean leaf. Note the yellow ‘halo’ around the small, necrotic lesion.
Photo Source: D.A. Inglis	Photo Source: Carrie Wohleb, WSU Extension Educator, Grant and Adams Counties

On-Line Resources:

Common Bacterial Blight and Halo Blight: Two Bacterial Diseases of Phytosanitary Significance for Bean Crops in Washington State, Washington State University Extension Fact Sheet

Halo Blight of Beans, Identification & Management of Emerging Vegetable Problems in the Pacific Northwest. Pacific Northwest Vegetable Extension Group.

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, All (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Halo Blight

Disease: Pythium root rot
Pathogen: Pythium species

Photo Source: G.Q. Pelter

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, Dry (Phaseolus vulgaris)– Pythium Diseases {Pythium Blight}

Disease: White mold
Pathogen: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Host crops: Bean, various brassica vegetables, carrot, eggplant, lettuce, potato, tomato, etc.

Flower and leaf infection. Sclerotia on flowers and stem.			Early pod infection. Mycelium on pod.
Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit		Photo Source: Lyndon Porter	Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit

White mold infection of a bean plant.	White mycelium and black sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum developing inside a bean pod.	Stem infection.	Sclerotia on beans.
Photo Source: G.Q. Pelter	Photo Source: Krishna Mohan	Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit	Photo Source: Jordan Eggers

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, Snap (Phaseolus vulgaris) – White Mold {Sclerotinia Rot}

Bean: White mold (Sclerotinia rot). Washington State University Hortsense

See Diseases, pests, and other problems common to many vegetables: White mold.

Insect/Mite Pests

Disease: Seedcorn maggot
Pathogen: Delia platura
Host Crops: Many vegetable crops including snap, kidney, and lima beans, onion, corn, turnip, pea, cabbage, and cucurbits. They cause the most damage in spring to newly emerging seedlings.

Seedcorn maggot injury to bean leaves. Seedcorn maggot larvae. Seedcorn maggot fly on soil. Seedcorn maggot fly.
Photo Source: Tim Waters, WSU Extension Educator for Benton and Franklin Counties

On-Line Resources:

Pacific Northwest Insect Management Handbook: Vegetable crop pests – Seedcorn maggot

Seed Corn Maggot. VegEdge, University of Minnesota

Seed Corn Maggot. UMass Amherst

See Diseases, pests, and other problems common to many vegetables: Seedcorn maggot

Common name: Spider mites
Latin binomial: Tetranychus spp. including two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), strawberry spider mite (Tetranychus turkestani), and Pacific spider mite (Tetranychus pacificus)
Host crops: Wide host range, including many vegetables such as bean, carrot, potato, etc.


Severe spider mite infestation in an adzuki bean crop. Note the silvering of the lower leaf surface and white stippling on the upper surface of some leaves from a very dense population of spider mites feeding on these leaves.
Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University

A colony of spider mites on snap beans. Two-spotted spider mite adult and eggs on a potato leaf. Eggs of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae.
Photo Source: Silvia Rondon, Oregon State University

Online Resources:

http://insect.pnwhandbooks.org/vegetable/vegetable-pests/hosts-and-pests/bean-dry-spider-mite

http://insect.pnwhandbooks.org/vegetable/vegetable-pests/hosts-and-pests/bean-lima-spider-mite

http://insect.pnwhandbooks.org/vegetable/vegetable-pests/hosts-and-pests/bean-snap-spider-mite

Common name (of damaging stage): Wireworm (adults are called click beetles or snapping beetles)
Latin binomial: Ctenicera spp. and Limonius spp. Several kinds of wireworms are in the Pacific Northwest. Wireworms causing the most damage in irrigated areas are the Pacific Coast wireworm (Limonius canus), the sugar beet wireworm (L. californicus), the western field wireworm (L. infuscatus), and the Columbia Basin wireworm (L. subauratus). The Pacific Coast and sugar beet wireworms are the most common. Where annual rainfall is <15 inches, the Great Basin wireworm (Ctenicera pruinina) may be a problem, especially when irrigated crops are grown on sagebrush or dry wheat land. This species usually disappears after a few years of irrigation, but may be replaced by Limonius spp. which are favored by moist conditions. West of the Cascades, other wireworm species are pests, including Agriotes spp.
Host crops: All crops are susceptible to wireworm, but this pest is most destructive on beans,carrot, corn, grain, onion, potatoes, spinach seed crops, and other annual crops in the PNW.

Adult wireworm is commonly known as a click beetle. Beetle size 3/8 to 1/2 inch (8–12 mm). Wireworm larva is dark orange or brown and mature larvae are 3/8 to 1/2 inch in length Wireworm larvae density can be monitored with oatmeal bait.
Photo Source: David Horton, USDA-ARS, Wapato			Photo Source:Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University

A click beetle of the species Agriotes obscurus, the larvae of which are wireworms. A click beetle of the species Limonius californicus, the larvae of which are wireworms. A click beetle of the species Limonius canus, the larvae of which are wireworms.
Photo Source: Oregon State University – Oregon State Arthropod Collection.

On-Line Resources:

Pacific NorthwestInsect Management Handbook: Vegetable crop pests – Wireworm

Managing Wireworms in Vegetable Crops. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food

Wireworms. VegEdge, University of Minnesota.

Wireworms & Click Beetles. Washington State University

Dry beans: Wireworms. UC IPM Online, University of California

Wireworm Field Guide – A guide to the identification and control of wireworms, Syngenta Crop Protection Canada, Inc.

Wireworm Biology and Nonchemical Management in Potatoes in the Pacific Northwest, N. Andrews, M. Ambrosino, G. Fisher, and S.I. Rondon, Pacific Northwest Extension Publication no. PNW607

See Diseases, pests, and other problems common to many vegetables: Wireworm

Abiotic Problems on Bean

Common name: Crumpled leaf or LCR
Cause: A genetic disorder or trait called crumpled leaf or LCR caused by an incompatible developmental reaction when beans from different centers of domestication are crossed, e.g., in crosses of Mesoamerican bush blue lake materials with Andean Midwestern types of beans.
Host Crops: Various types of beans resulting from crosses of different races of beans.


Foliar chlorosis and necrosis resulting from a genetic disorder called crumpled leaf, a genetic trait called crumpled leaf or LCR caused by an incompatible developmental reaction when beans from different centers of domestication are crossed, e.g., crosses of Mesoamerican bush blue lake materials with Andean Midwestern types of beans. Symptoms can resemble those caused by virus infections. Lines with the trait may vary in intensity of expression, and the expression can vary over the season.
Photo Source: Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University

On-Line Resources:

Singh, S.P. and A. Molina. 1996. Inheritance of crippled trifoliolate leaves occurring in interracial crosses of common bean and its relationship with hybrid dwarfism. J. Hered. 87:464-469.

Disease: Alfalfa mosaic
Pathogen: Alfalfa mosaic virus

On-Line Resources: Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, All (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Bean Common Mosaic, Oregon State University

Disease: Anthracnose
Pathogen: Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Photo Source: Karen Ward, WSU Pullman Plant Diagnostician

Bean anthracnose lesions on the abaxial surface of a bean leaf.
Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University

Severe bean anthracnose symptoms associated with seedborne infection and transmission.
Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University

On-Line Resources: Vegetable MD Online: Bean Anthracnose, Cornell University

Disease: Bean common mosaic
Pathogen: Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV)

Photo of symptoms of bean common mosaic virus on bean leaves.
Photo Source: Krishna Mohan, University of Idaho

Severe stunting and leaf cupping associated with seedborne BCMV.
Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University

Leaf cupping as well as banded light and dark green areas on a bean leaf infected with BCMV.
Photo Source: Brook Brouwer, Washington State University

Online Resources: Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, All (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Bean Common Mosaic

Disease: Common bacterial blight
Pathogen: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli
Host crops: Edible beans crops and bean seed crops (including snap beans, lima beans, and dry beans)

Common bacterial blight on pods.
Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University

Mature common bacterial blight lesions.
Photo Source: Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University

Water-soaked lesions of common bacterial blight.
Photo Source: Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University

On-Line Resources: Common Bacterial Blight and Halo Blight: Two Bacterial Diseases of Phytosanitary Significance for Bean Crops in Washington State, Washington State University Extension Fact Sheet

Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook: Bean, All (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Common Bacterial Blight {Common Blight}