News from the WSU-Mount Vernon
Northwestern Washington Research & Extension Center
Winter 2007
Hello from WSU-Mount Vernon NWREC, and welcome to the winter edition of the NWREC newsletter. The past 6 months have been one of finally getting settled, and seeing some of the finishing touches on the new Agricultural Research & Technology Building completed. We are proud of the new highway sign (thank you Rally-in-the-Valley Cougars!), very appreciative of the gift from the friends and family of Gene King and J. George King for the naming of the Graduate Student Office, and enjoyed seeing all of the lobby, room, and auditorium chair donor acknowledgement plaques being put into place. We have had the opportunity to welcome many organizations and groups to the Atsusa Sakuma Family auditorium for educational workshops and meetings, and were delighted with the high turn-out for the new Know & Grow Gardening Workshops. We finally have had time to update our NWREC website, post many weekly events on the new LCD screen in the front lobby, and experiment further with our new high-tech auditorium AV equipment (wait until you see the new document camera in operation!). Most importantly, our research and extension programs are continuing to grow, the summer field day and NARF research advisory committee meetings were a success and the increase in the number of NWREC faculty and staff holds great promise for better serving the agricultural research needs of the region, and state. We especially look forward to working with our new BIOAg value-added product development specialist in 2008. Thank you for your continued support, and do stop by to visit!
- Debra Ann Inglis, Interim Director/Assistant Dean
- Lindsey du Toit, Vegetable Seed Pathologist
- Carol Miles, Vegetable Horticulturist
- Tim Miller, Weed Scientist
- Gary Moulton, Extension Fruit Horticulturist
- Lynell Tanigoshi, Entomologist
- Tom Walters, Small Fruit Horticulturist
NWREC Faculty News
Lindsey du Toit was featured in the New Zealand press for her key note address on the danger of green bridges in vegetable seed crop production, which she presented at the Foundation for Arable Research (FAR)’s International Conference in Christchurch in July.
Doug Walsh and Lindsey du Toit submitted one of the proposals selected for funding under WSU’s new competitive Extension Issue-Focused Teams Initiative. Their team includes Tim Miller, Rick Boydston, Lyndon Porter, Ken Eastwell, Sally O'Neal Coates, Tim Waters and Don McMoran who will do a project on “Protecting and enhancing WA's seed industry.”
Carol Miles is a lead scientist for Washington State University on the Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Project (CRSP). The project is funded through the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) and overall objectives are to: 1) Increase access to improved, high quality bean seed; 2) Improve varieties through drought, disease, and insect resistance; 3) Develop and test a participatory research model to integrate farmer preferences into the breeding program; and 4) Increase adoption of more palatable bean varieties with faster cooking time and longer shelf life. Carol's component of the project has been to increase multiplication and dissemination rates of seed of new improved varieties. This summer she spent time in Africa and worked with her colleagues at Bunda College of Agriculture in Malawi to develop a farmer-based seed multiplication system, and to disseminate quality seed of improved varieties in collaboration with NGOs such as CARE, Action Aid, Total Land Care, and OXFAM. In the U.S., Carol evaluated high-value niche market dry bean and shell bean varieties for production in the maritime Pacific Northwest. For more information, see http://sustainableseedsystems.wsu.edu/.
Carol Miles and Andy McGuire recently received a letter of commendation from the National Director of USDA/CSREES Sustainable Agriculture! Only a very few state coordinators receive letters of recognition on meritorious effort. Carol and Andy’s work in the area of sustainable agriculture in Washington has helped shape extension education and farmer-rancher programs, and elevated awareness of sustainable agriculture, nationally.
Tim Miller was one of two university scientists invited to Kenai, Alaska in August, 2007 to discuss with local weed management professionals the development of a program for reed canarygrass control on the Kenai Peninsula. Additionally, he was an invited national speaker at the Alaska Committee for Noxious and Invasive Plants Management Conference in Fairbanks in Nov 2007.
WSU Mount Vernon CSANR and WSU NWREC are pleased to welcome Dr. Hector Saez, as the new BIOAg valued-added product development specialist. Dr. Saez will begin his employment, January 14, 2008. An economist trained in conventional techniques for analysis of markets, industry trends and government regulation, Dr. Saez is also versed in social sciences and environmental studies. As a professor of economics, Héctor Sáez spent years researching social justice issues in Central American and Caribbean countries. He did work on several agricultural topics including the use of agro-chemicals in coffee production, the production of organic coffee, and the commodity links in fair trade and conventional coffee. Dr. Sáez currently is a professor of Applied Economics, Community Development and Environmental Studies at the University of Vermont in Burlington, and at the Bainbridge Graduate Institute in Seattle. He is staff economist for the Center for Popular Economics in Amherst, MA. A native of Puerto Rico, Hector has taught at the Center for Sustainable Development Studies in Costa Rica, at Wagner College in New York City, the University of Puerto Rico, and the Social Thought and Political Economy program at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Lynell Tanigoshi and Bev Gerdeman are Co-PIs for WSU’s subcontract project to Clemson University entitled: Rearing, evaluating and release of native predatory mites for the biological control of spider mites attacking strawberry in La Trinidad, Province of Benguet. The regional IPM project is titled Ecologically-Based Participatory IPM for Southeast Asia, funded through the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) IPM CRSP to Virginia Tech University. WSU’s overall objectives are to: 1) Develop an understanding of the pest complex in La Trinidad strawberry fields with an emphasis on spider mites; 2) Mass produce and augment a native predatory mite for field releases in demonstration plots; 3) Develop grower training through workshops and on-farm cooperation for large scale release and evaluation research to demonstrate biological control techniques to regional strawberry growers.
Tom Walters and Carol Miles successfully led NWREC scientists and NW Extension District agents on acquiring funds for the project: “High-value crops under high tunnels in western Washington.” The competitive grant was awarded by WSU CAHNRS via state funding received through The Unified industry-Based Agriculture Initiative which enables greater responsiveness of WSU agricultural scientist to Washington’s emerging research and outreach needs. Debbie Inglis, Don McMoran, Craig MacConnell, Tim Miller, and Lynell Tanigoshi will be project collaborators. Initial funds on high tunnels were granted to Tom and Carol’s programs by NARF.
Tom Walters, Lindsey du Toit, and Gary Chastagner (WSU Puyallup), shared information about the small fruit, vegetable seed, and bulb research and extension programs with WSU President Floyd and CAHNRS Dean Bernardo at a Nov 28 meeting w/stakeholders at NWREC.
Students and Interns
Congratulations to Jaime Cummings on successfully completing her MS thesis exam in November 2007! Jaime’s thesis project is titled “Evaluation of Seed and Drench Treatments for Management of Damping-Off and Seedling Blight Pathogens of Spinach for Organic Production”, and was completed in Lindsey du Toit’s vegetable seed pathology program. Debra Inglis and Carol Miles also served on Jaime’s MS thesis committee. Jaime is working on publishing several papers from her thesis during the remaining time on her graduate research assistantship at the NWREC, and will then be looking for employment as a plant pathologist. We wish Jaime all the best!
Congratulations to Alyse Douglas and Cynthia Hansen, biology seniors at Western Washington University, who completed internships in Lindsey du Toit’s vegetable seed pathology program this summer.
Welcome back to Jessica Gigot, who will be doing some of her PhD thesis research with Tom Walters in the small fruit horticulture program. Jessica’s project will involve methyl bromide alternatives for raspberry nurseries.
Grants Awarded since July 2007
$3,986 to Tim Miller from the Washington State Red Raspberry Commission for testing post-
emergence Canada thistle control in red raspberry.
$6,300 to Gary Moulton from the J. Frank Schmidt Family Charitable Trust for “Evaluation of ornamental tree fruit for disease resistance in a maritime climate.”
$7,144 to Debbie Inglis from the CSANR Organic Cropping Research Program for “Late blight management in organic potato production.” Many thanks to Carol Miles for helping to acquire these funds.
$9,548 to Brenda Schroeder and Lindsey du Toit from the Washington State Commission for Pesticide Registration to match $5,000 from the Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association for a project titled “Enterobacter storage rot of onion in the Pacific Northwest.”
$9,821 to Lynell Tanigoshi from the Washington State Red Raspberry Commission for integrating insect and mite management in red raspberry.
$17,550 to Carol Miles from CSANR BIOAg program for “Alternative mulches for weed control in vegetable production systems.”
$19,960 to Lindsey du Toit from the Western SARE Graduate Student Fellow Grant in Sustainable Agriculture for a PhD student to work on a project titled “Characterization of soil properties associated with suppression of Fusarium wilt in spinach seed crops, and development of a quantitative molecular assay for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae.”
$22,107 to Lindsey du Toit from the Washington State Commission for Pesticide Registration to match $15,631 from the Puget Sound Seed Growers’ Association for a project titled “Use of limestone amendments, and development of a molecular assay for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae for management of Fusarium wilt in spinach seed crops in western Washington.”
$24, 842 to Carol Miles, K. Baril, T. Peters, and J. Thomas from the Western Regional SARE Supplemental Research and Education Innovative Coordinator Program for “Sustainable water use education in agriculture.”
$28,820 to Lynell Tanigoshi and Bev Gerdeman, Co-PIs for Washington State University’s subcontract project to Clemson University entitled: Rearing, evaluating and release of native predatory mites for the biological control of spider mites attacking strawberry in La Trinidad, Province of Benguet.
$30,000 to Tim Miller from the Washington State Legislature for Biofuels Cropping Systems Research in Western Washington and Herbicide Testing in Camelina (Miller’s share of a $500,000 WSU statewide research project).
$36,003 to Carol Miles from CSANR BIOAg Program for “Evaluating vegetable varieties for
organic systems.”
$46,323 to Tom Walters and Carol Miles from WSU CAHNRS’ Emerging Issues Program for
“High-value crops under high tunnels in western Washington.” Funding will be shared with
Debbie Inglis, Don McMoran, Craig MacConnell, and Lynell Tanigoshi for their work on this
new project.
Presentations since July 2007
Jun 20 “Herbicide movement and toxicity.” Weed Management Training, Mount Rainier National Park, WA, by Tim Miller.
Jul 11 “Weed control in berries,” “Root weevil and spider mite control in red raspberry,” and “Small fruits program research.” Berry Field Day, WSU Mount Vernon NWREC,
by Tim Miller, Lynell Tanigoshi and Tom Walters, respectively. Tom Walters organized the event.
Jul 16 “Alternatives to plastic mulch in vegetable production systems.” American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Conference, by Carol Miles.
Jul 19 “Weed control in landscapes and effects of organic herbicides.” Seattle Green Gardening Program, Seattle, WA, by Tim Miller.
Jul 24 “Weed management in western Washington crops; Small fruits research; and, Potato Silver Scurf Research.” Legislative tour, Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, WSU Mount Vernon NWREC by Tim Miller, Tom Walters, and Debbie Inglis, respectively.
Jul 24-26 Lindsey du Toit was invited to be keynote speaker at the New Zealand Foundation for Arable Research (FAR) International Conference in Christchurch, New Zealand. Lindsey gave two presentations at this conference: 1) “Managing foliar disease in vegetable seed crops”, and 2) “Growing quality seed.” During her time in New Zealand, Lindsey du Toit met with vegetable seed growers and seed company field managers from Midlands Seeds Ltd and South Pacific Seeds NZ in the Canterbury Plains of the South Island, regarding management of diseases in small-seeded vegetable seed crops.
July 25 Wine Grape Workshop at Edmonds Community College, by Gary Moulton.
Aug 13 Presentation, “Wine Grape Research at Mount Vernon” to the Puget Sound Wine Grape Growers at Whidbey Island Winery by Gary Moulton.
Aug 23 The WSU Onion Cultivar Field Day was held at Hartley Farms near Patterson, WA, and organized by Tim Waters, WSU Franklin/Benton Counties Extension Educator. Lindsey du Toit presented an update on research trials on Iris yellow spot virus and Botrytis neck rot of onion to state/federal regulators, industry representatives, growers, consultants, & extension educators.
Sep 11 Presentation, “Home Grown Tree Fruit” to the Snohomish County Extension Garden Series, by Gary Moulton.
Sep 12 “Weed management and herbicide issues on US Forest Service lands in the Pacific Northwest.” Field tour, USFS Pesticide Coordinators, Portland, OR, by Tim Miller.
Sep 13 “Thoughts on receiving the AAUW Jeanette Rankin Endowed Dissertation Fellowship” to the Anacortes Chapter of the American Association of University Women, by Debbie Inglis.
Sep 15 Wine Grape Workshop Series III – Fall Practices, organized and presented speakers series to area wine grape growers, by Gary Moulton.
Sep 24-25 Lindsey du Toit gave two presentations at the 2007 International Spinach Conference in Monterey, CA on 1) “Evaluation of limestone amendments for suppression of Fusarium wilt in spinach seed crops in the Pacific Northwest USA”, and 2) “Seedborne pathogens of spinach.”
In addition, Jaime Cummings presented her MS thesis research at the 2007 International Spinach Conference in Monterey, CA. Jaime’s talk was titled: “Evaluation of organic seed and drench treatments for control of damping-off/seedling blight pathogens of spinach.”
Oct 13 Presentation to Interstate Pesticide Applicators’ Association meeting, Bainbridge Island, “Western WA Pesticide Application Windows,” by Gary Moulton.
Oct 16 Know and Grow Workshop, Skagit Master Gardeners, presentation on Fall Orchard Practices by Gary Moulton.
Oct 23 “Weed management in gardens.” Samish Island Garden Club meeting, Samish Island, WA, by Tim Miller.
Oct 25 “Organic herbicides and how they work.” Skagit County Advanced Master Gardener training, WSU Mount Vernon NWREC, by Tim Miller.
Oct 29, 30 “Sustainable crop production” at the Cultivating Success Workshops for Whatcom,
& Nov 1 Pierce and Mason counties, by Carol Miles.
Nov 1 “Vinegar and other natural herbicides: do they work?” And, “Yellow nutsedge management in potatoes.” November 1, 2007. WSU Pesticide Recertification Training, Mount Vernon, WA, by Tim Miller.
Nov 2 “Mite identification and control.” WSU Urban IPM and Pesticide Safety Education Program and Private Applicator short course, Mount Vernon, WA, by Lynell Tanigoshi and Bev Gerdeman.
Nov 5 Jaime Cummings presented her thesis seminar to the WSU Department of Plant Pathology in Pullman, WA: “Evaluation of organic seed and drench treatments for control of damping-off/seedling blight pathogens of spinach.”
Nov 8 “What can we do to control butterfly bush and other woody perennials?” and, “Lies, damn lies, and statistics: how weed managers generate and interpret data.” Washington State Weed Conference, Yakima, WA, by Tim Miller.
Nov 11 “Winter vegetable crop curing and storage” at the Tilth Producers of Washington Annual Conference, Yakima, WA, by Carol Miles.
Nov 13 “Potential for baby corn and baby butternut squash – new crops for new markets.” Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association, Kennewick, WA, by Carol Miles.
Nov 13-14 Lindsey du Toit gave three presentations at the 2007 Annual Convention & Trade Show of the Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association (PNVA) in Kennewick, WA: 1) “Evaluation of Actigard for control of Iris yellow spot virus in onion bulb crops,” 2) “Powdery mildew of onion”, and 3) “Limestone amendments for suppression of Fusarium wilt in spinach seed crops in western Washington/Oregon.”
Jaime Cummings presented her MS thesis research at the Annual Convention and Trade Show of the PNVA in Kennewick, WA: “Evaluation of organic seed and drench treatments for control of damping-off/seedling blight pathogens of spinach.”
Nov 14 “Do weeds in northwestern Washington have anything to say to Alaskans?” Alaska Committee for Noxious and Invasive Plants Management Conference, Fairbanks, AK by Tim Miller.
Nov 15 “Strategies for controlling weed species of concern.” Alaska Committee for Noxious and Invasive Plants Management Conference, Fairbanks, AK, by Tim Miller.
Dec 5 Tom Walters gave three presentations at the 2007 Small Fruit Workshop) in Lynden, WA: 1) “Effects of drip tape placement on spread of raspberry root rot” 2) “New control Methods for nematodes: replacing Nemacur”, and 3) “Irrigation deficits at critical raspberry and blueberry development stages”.
Dec 5 “Northwest weed identification and control.” Washington Turf and Landscape Show, Bellevue, WA, by Tim Miller.
Dec 5 “Canada thistle and bindweed control in red raspberries,” and “Mite, weevil and aphid control in small fruits.” Western Washington Small Fruit Workshop, Lynden, WA, by Tim Miller and Lynell Tanigoshi, respectively.
Publications since July 2007
Barney, D., and C. Miles (Editors). 2007. Commercial Red Raspberry Production in the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University, PNW 598. Contributing authors at WSU Mount Vernon NWREC: Carol Miles and Lynell Tanigoshi.
Coyne, C.J., McClendon, M.T., Walling, J.G., Timmerman-Vaughan, G.M., Murray, S., Meksem, K., Lightfoot, D.A., Shultz, J.L., Keller, K.E., Martin, R.R., Inglis, D.A., Rajesh, P.N., McPhee, K.E., Grusak, M.A., and Storlie, E.W. 2007. Construction and characterization of two bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of pea (Pisum sativum L.) for the isolation of economically important genes. Genome 50:1-5.
Derie, M.L., and du Toit, L.J. 2007. Evaluation of fungicide seed treatments for control of Phoma lingam in brassica vegetables. Phytopathology 97: S167. (Abstract).
du Toit, L.J. 2007. Crop Profile for Cabbage Seed in Washington (revised). USDA Pest Management Centers http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/wacabbageseed.html. Also published as WSU Extension Bulletin MISC0358E.
du Toit, L.J. 2007. Crop Profile for Table Beet Seed in Washington (revised). USDA Pest Management Centers http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/wabeetseed.html . Also published as WSU Extension Bulletin MISC0356E.
du Toit, L.J., Brown, P.R., Derie, M.L., and Bentley, T. 2007. Cucumber mosaic virus survey in spinach seed crops in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Phytopathology 97:S30. (Abstract).
du Toit, L.J., Burger, J.T., McLeod, A., Engelbrecht, M, and Viljoen, A. 2007. Iris yellow spot virus in onion seed crops in South Africa. Plant Dis. 91:1203.
Fallquist, H.M., Canady, M.L., du Toit, L.J., and Schroeder, B.K. 2007. Association of Enterobacter spp. with onion plants exhibiting premature leaf dieback in the Columbia Basin of Washington State. Phytopathology 97:S34. (Abstract).
Gent, D.H., du Toit, L.J., Mohan, S.K., Pappu, H.R., and Schwartz, H.F. 2007. Emergence of Iris yellow spot virus in the western U.S. Phytopathology 97: S167. (Abstract).
Inglis, D.A., Brown, C.R., Gundersen, B.G., Porter, L., Miller, J.S., Johnson, D.A., Lozoya- Saldana, H., Haynes, K.G. 2007. Assessment of Solanum hougasii in Washington and Mexico as a source of resistance to late blight. Amer. J. of Potato Res. Vol 54: 217-228.
Lewis, Daphne, and Carol Miles. 2007. Farming bamboo. Lulu Press, 240 p.
Steinbarger, D., C. Miles, C. Kruger, M. Ostrom, and C. Armstrong (eds). Sustaining the Pacific Northwest. Quarterly Extension newsletter, published March, June, September and December 1995-2007. http://csanr.wsu.edu/InfoSources/#newsletter.
Stevenson, W.R., James, R.V.; and, Inglis, D.A., Johnson, D.A., Schotzko, T., and Thornton, R.E. 2007. Fungicide spray programs for Defender, a new potato cultivar with resistance to late blight. Plant Dis. 91:1327-1336.
Tanigoshi, L. (Small Fruits Section Coordinator). 2008. Pest Management Guide for Commercial Small Fruits. WSU EB1491 (in press).
Villaroel, M.I., du Toit, L.J., and Correll, J.C. 2007. Screening for resistance to Verticillium dahliae in spinach. Phytopathology 97:S118 (Abstract).
WSU Mount Vernon NWREC Special Activities and Announcements
Congratulations to Juan Alonso, Maintenance Mechanic II at NWREC, who celebrated his 30th year of employment with WSU. Carl Libbey celebrated his 20th year in the Weed Science program as well.
Please stop by to meet Jeanne Burritt, WSU-Mount Vernon NWREC’s new Administrative Manager. The Center is very fortunate to have Jeanne in this position as she is an experienced and valued WSU employee, most recently serving as manager in the Business and Finance Section for the College of Veterinary Medicine’s Dean’s Office. WSU-Mount Vernon NWREC sincerely thanks Jan Watts, for assisting in the front office while the position was vacant, and Ashley Bentley who is now working part-time to assist Jeanne and Kathy.
WSU Mount Vernon NWREC is pleased to introduce a new and updated web site! Many thanks to Kathy Gleissner and Carol Miles on its development. Please take a moment to visit http://mountvernon.wsu.edu You will notice that answers to several frequently asked questions are now on the site: driving directions, facility reservations, weather information, etc. The newly formatted website is part of our mission to provide information about our R&E Center and its program and staff in an improved format that is clear and user friendly. We ask that if you notice any broken links or have suggestions on new content, please let us know at nwrec@wsu.edu.
WSU-Mount Vernon NWREC hosted northwestern Washington agricultural community members for tours of field research trials, a picnic dinner, and Northwest Agricultural Research Foundation crop research advisory meetings on July 10. The event provided opportunities for dialogue with new NWREC faculty, and sharing of information and ideas on agricultural research priorities for the upcoming grant proposal-writing season. Future research for small fruits, tree fruits/ alternative crops/wine, peas and cucumbers, potatoes, organic crops, and bulbs were discussed.
Gary Moulton hosted Dr. Chang-Lin Xiao, a plant pathologist from WSU Wenatchee TFREC, who has initiated a much-needed research project on apple anthracnose in western Washington. For more information, contact Gary at 848-6131. Western Washington Fruit Research Foundation and Gary Moulton conducted orchard field tours for members on Aug 11 and Sep 8, and held an open house/field day featuring talks on espalier methods. A fall orchard tour was held Oct 6.
Jonathon Roozen has joined the Vegetable Horticulture program to assist with technical field research. Jonathan graduated from Washington State University in May of 2006 with a degree in Agriculture Technology and a minor in Business Administration. With this degree he learned about the technology side of agriculture, Ag GIS, machinery, pesticide and WAC codes, and also the different aspects of managing a farm. Most recently, he worked with WSU Prosser IAREC on helping to manufacture, test, and evaluate two new selective mechanical asparagus harvesters. Jonathon has also worked as a Washington State Department of Agriculture Cherry Inspector.
Several WSU Mount Vernon NWREC programs and community partners were featured on Sep 6 at Benaroya Hall in Seattle for the WSU CAHNRS In Concert with Communities event. Lindsey du Toit and Kirby Johnson represented vegetable seed pathology program efforts, Carol Miles and Clayton Burrows demonstrated new watermelon varieties for western Washington, Gary Moulton and Drew Zimmerman provided samples of new hard ciders, Gary Chastagner and the Roozen family had a wonderful display with fresh flowers, and Debbie Inglis, Don McMoran and Roger Knutzen presented information about specialty potato disease management efforts and showed-off a bushel basket of Skagit’s finest potato tubers.
WSU Skagit County Extension Master Gardeners successfully oversaw a series of educational workshops called Know & Grow. The workshops, designed to educate the public about sound gardening practices, were held in the Discovery Garden and/or new auditorium. A WSU research scientist, generally from WSU Mount Vernon NWREC, was paired with a Master Gardener--one presented research information, and the other, hands-on gardening information. Topics were timed to coincide with seasonal gardening tasks such as pruning in early spring and planting bulbs in the fall. The last workshop of 2007 “Success with Orchard Mason Bees,” was held Nov 13. The 2008 series is now being planned. For more information, please visit: http://www.skagit.wsu.edu/mg/ The workshops are free and open to the public. Many thanks to Jane Billinghurst and Don McMoran for their organizational efforts on the workshop’s behalf.
Congratulations to WSU Mount Vernon NWREC safety committee for their award of achievement from WSU on 2007 safety efforts.
Coming & Recent Events
Feb 22 Western Washington Potato Conference at NWREC. Call 428-4270 for information.
Feb 14-15 5th Biennial Organic Seed Growers Conference, Salem Conference Center, Salem, Oregon, 2008. Organized by Organic Seed Alliance, Washington State University and Oregon State University.
Jan 17 WSDA Public Hearing on Brassica Seed Crop Rules, WSU Mount Vernon NWREC.
Dec 10-14 “Commercial Cider & Drinks Production,” Cider School course with Peter Mitchell, Worcestershire, England, in cooperation with WSU Distance Learning, 8 AM – 4:30 PM at Skagit Valley College. For information contact Debra Lancaster at 360-416-7605 or see http://learningcenters.wsu.edu/skagit/cider.html
--Permission to reprint the WSU-NWREC newsletter is granted, provided the intended meaning is not changed and explicit credit is given to the publication source.--
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